Moderate exercise training and chronic caloric restriction modulate redox status in rat hippocampus

• Published in: Brain research Vol. 1421; pp. 1 - 10
• Main Authors: Santin, Katiane, da Rocha, Ricardo Fagundes, Cechetti, Fernanda, Quincozes-Santos, André, de Souza, Daniela Fraga, Nardin, Patrícia, Rodrigues, Letícia, Leite, Marina Concli, Moreira, José Cláudio Fonseca, Salbego, Christianne Gazzana, Gonçalves, Carlos Alberto
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 03.11.2011; Elsevier
• Subjects: adults; Animals; antioxidant activity; antioxidants; Astrocytes - metabolism; Biochemistry and metabolism; Biological and medical sciences; Caloric Restriction; Central nervous system; exercise; Exercise training; food intake; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Glia; glutamate-ammonia ligase; glutamic acid; glutathione; hippocampus; Hippocampus - metabolism; Male; neurodegenerative diseases; Neurology; nitrates; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative stress; Physical Conditioning, Animal - physiology; Rats; Rats, Wistar; superoxide dismutase; thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances; Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs; Oxidative stress; Exercise training; Glia; Caloric restriction; Physical exercise; Redox state; Rat; Neuroglia; Rodentia; Central nervous system; Encephalon; Vertebrata; Chronic; Mammalia; Animal; Restricted diet; Hippocampus
• ISSN: 0006-8993; 1872-6240
• DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.08.003

Abstract Physical activity has been related to antioxidant adaptations, which is associated with health benefits, including those to the nervous system. Additionally, available data suggest exercise and a caloric restriction regimen may reduce both the incidence and severity of neurological disorders. Therefore, our aim was to compare hippocampal redox status and glial parameters among sedentary, trained, caloric-restricted sedentary and caloric-restricted trained rats. Forty male adult rats were divided into 4 groups: ad libitum-fed sedentary (AS), ad libitum-fed exercise training (AE), calorie-restricted sedentary (RS) and calorie-restricted exercise training (RE). The caloric restriction (decrease of 30% in food intake) and exercise training (moderate in a treadmill) were carried out for 3 months. Thereafter hippocampus was surgically removed, and then redox and glial parameters were assessed. Increases in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and total antioxidant reactivity (TAR) were observed in AE, RS and RE. The nitrite/nitrate levels decreased only in RE. We found a decrease in carbonyl content in AE, RS and RE, while no modifications were detected in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, S100B and glial fibrilary acid protein (GFAP) content did not change, but caloric restriction was able to increase glutamine synthetase (GS) activity in RS and glutamate uptake in RS and RE. Exercise training, caloric restriction and both combined can decrease oxidative damage in the hippocampus, possibly involving modulation of astroglial function, and could be used as a strategy for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.