Advanced glycation end-products: modifiable environmental factors profoundly mediate insulin resistance

Advanced glycation end-products are toxic by-products of metabolism and are also acquired from high-temperature processed foods. They promote oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and nucleotides. Aging and chronic diseases are strongly associated with markers for oxidative stress, especially advance...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition Vol. 57; no. 1; pp. 1 - 12
Main Authors Ottum, Mona S., Mistry, Anahita M.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Japan SOCIETY FOR FREE RADICAL RESEARCH JAPAN 01.07.2015
the Society for Free Radical Research Japan
Subjects
AGEs
glycation
insulin resistance
oxidative stress
Review
Western diet
glycation
AGEs
insulin resistance
oxidative stress
Western diet
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Summary:Advanced glycation end-products are toxic by-products of metabolism and are also acquired from high-temperature processed foods. They promote oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and nucleotides. Aging and chronic diseases are strongly associated with markers for oxidative stress, especially advanced glycation end-products, and resistance to peripheral insulin-mediated glucose uptake. Modifiable environmental factors including high levels of refined and simple carbohydrate diets, hypercaloric diets and sedentary lifestyles drive endogenous formation of advanced glycation end-products via accumulation of highly reactive glycolysis intermediates and activation of the polyol/aldose reductase pathway producing high intracellular fructose. High advanced glycation end-products overwhelm innate defenses of enzymes and receptor-mediated endocytosis and promote cell damage via the pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant receptor for advanced glycation end-products. Oxidative stress disturbs cell signal transduction, especially insulin-mediated metabolic responses. Here we review emerging evidence that restriction of dietary advanced glycation end-products significantly reduces total systemic load and insulin resistance in animals and humans in diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, healthy populations and dementia. Of clinical importance, this insulin sensitizing effect is independent of physical activity, caloric intake and adiposity level.
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ISSN:0912-0009
1880-5086
DOI:10.3164/jcbn.15-3