Behavior and psychological functioning of young children of HIV-positive mothers in South Africa
Adults with HIV are living longer due to earlier diagnosis and increased access to antiretroviral medications. Therefore, fewer young children are being orphaned and instead, are being cared for by parents who know they are HIV positive, although they may be asymptomatic. Presently, it is unclear wh...
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Published in | AIDS care Vol. 25; no. 6; pp. 721 - 725 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Abingdon
Routledge
08.05.2013
Taylor & Francis Taylor & Francis Ltd |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Adults with HIV are living longer due to earlier diagnosis and increased access to antiretroviral medications. Therefore, fewer young children are being orphaned and instead, are being cared for by parents who know they are HIV positive, although they may be asymptomatic. Presently, it is unclear whether the psychological functioning of these young children is likely to be affected or, alternatively, whether it is only when a mother is ill, that children suffer adverse effects. We, thus, aimed to compare the behavior and psychological functioning of young children (aged 6-10 years) of HIV-positive and HIV-negative mothers. We also aimed to examine the association between HIV status disclosure and child outcomes. This study uses cross-sectional data from the baseline assessment of a randomized controlled trial conducted in Tshwane, South Africa. Participants (n=509) and their children were recruited from area health clinics. Among the 395 mothers with HIV, 42% reported symptoms of HIV disease. Multivariate linear regression models suggested that after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, children of HIV-positive mothers had significantly greater externalizing behaviors than children of HIV-negative mothers. Importantly, children whose mothers were symptomatic had greater internalizing and externalizing behaviors compared with children of HIV-negative mothers, but this was not true for children of asymptomatic mothers. Additionally, among children of HIV-positive mothers, those who had been told their mothers were sick compared with children who had been told nothing had less internalizing and externalizing behaviors and improved daily living skills. This study, therefore, provides evidence that maternal HIV disease can affect the behaviors of young children in South Africa but, importantly, only when the mothers are symptomatic from their disease. Furthermore, results suggest that disclosure of maternal illness but not HIV status was associated with improved behavior and psychological functioning among young children. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1 Prof Liesel Ebersöhn University of Pretoria Faculty of Education Groenkloof Campus Pretoria 0002 South Africa Telephone: +27 12 4202337 liesel.ebersohn@up.ac.za Kathleen J. Sikkema, PhD Duke University 417 Chapel Drive Box 90086 Durham, NC 27708-0086 Telephone: 919-684-9073 kathleen.sikkema@duke.edu Prof Ronel Ferreira University of Pretoria Faculty of Education Groenkloof Campus Pretoria 0002 South Africa Telephone: +27 12 4205504 ronel.ferreira@up.ac.za Heather Sipsma, PhD Department of Health Policy and Administration Yale School of Public Health 2 Church Street South New Haven, CT 06519 USA Telephone: 203-737-4622 heather.sipsma@yale.edu Michelle Finestone University of Pretoria Faculty of Education Pretoria 0002 South Africa Telephone: +27 12 420510 michelle.finestone@up.ac.za Maretha J. Visser University of Pretoria Department of Psychology Private Bag X20 Hatfield 0028 South Africa Telephone: +27 12 4202549 maretha.visser@up.ac.za Charmayne A. Boeving Allen, PhD Wake Forest University Department of Pediatrics Medical Center Boulevard Winston-Salem, NC 27157 Telephone: 336-713-4500 rorafire@gmail.com Professor Irma Eloff University of Pretoria Faculty of Education Groenkloof Campus Pretoria 0002 South Africa Telephone: 27 12 4205721 irma.eloff@up.ac.za Jennifer Makin University of Pretoria Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Bophelo Road Pretoria 0002 South Africa Telephone: +27 12 3731077 jenny.makin@up.ac.za |
ISSN: | 0954-0121 1360-0451 |
DOI: | 10.1080/09540121.2013.779627 |