Population-Attributable Risk Estimates for Risk Factors Associated with Campylobacter Infection, Australia

• Published in: Emerging infectious diseases Vol. 14; no. 6; pp. 895 - 901
• Main Authors: Stafford, Russell J., Schluter, Philip J., Wilson, Andrew J., Kirk, Martyn D., Hall, Gillian, Unicomb, Leanne
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases 01.06.2008; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Subjects: Analysis; Animals; Australia; Australia - epidemiology; Campylobacter; Campylobacter - classification; Campylobacter - isolation & purification; Campylobacter infections; Campylobacter Infections - epidemiology; Campylobacter Infections - microbiology; Case-Control Studies; Chickens - microbiology; Demographic aspects; Diagnosis; Dog Diseases - microbiology; Dogs; epidemiologic methods; Food Contamination; Gastroenteritis - epidemiology; Gastroenteritis - microbiology; Humans; Multivariate Analysis; Poultry Diseases - microbiology; Prevention; Public health; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Australia
• ISSN: 1080-6040; 1080-6059; 1080-6059
• DOI: 10.3201/eid1406.071008

In 2001-2002, a multicenter, prospective case-control study involving 1,714 participants > or =5 years of age was conducted in Australia to identify risk factors for Campylobacter infection. Adjusted population-attributable risks (PARs) were derived for each independent risk factor contained within the final multivariable logistic regression model. Estimated PARs were combined with adjusted (for the > or =5 years of age eligibility criterion) notifiable disease surveillance data to estimate annual Australian Campylobacter case numbers attributable to each risk factor. Simulated distributions of "credible values" were then generated to model the uncertainty associated with each case number estimate. Among foodborne risk factors, an estimated 50,500 (95% credible interval 10,000-105,500) cases of Campylobacter infection in persons > or =5 years of age could be directly attributed each year to consumption of chicken in Australia. Our statistical technique could be applied more widely to other communicable diseases that are subject to routine surveillance.