Compensatory recombination phenomena of neurological functions in central dysphagia patients

• Published in: Neural regeneration research Vol. 10; no. 3; pp. 490 - 497
• Main Authors: Yuan, Xiao-dong, Zhou, Li-fu, Wang, Shu-juan, Zhao, Yan-sheng, Wang, Xiao-jie, Zhang, Li-li, Wang, Shou-hong, Zhang, Ya-jie, Chen, Li
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: India Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd 01.03.2015; Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd; Department of Neurology, Afifliated Kailuan General Hospital of Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China%Department of MRI Room, Afifliated Kailuan General Hospital of Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China; Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd; Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
• Subjects: acupuncture; Alzheimer′s disease; apoptosis; apparent diffusion coefficient; astrocytes; auranofin; average combined score; blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging; blood-nerve barrier; bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; Brain; brain injury; Brain research; Care and treatment; caspase-3; cell transplantation; Cerebral cortex; cerebral hemorrhage; cerebral ischemia; Chinese herbal formula; CHOP; cisplatin; cochlea; cognitive neuroscience; Consciousness; Cooperation; cortical neurons; curcumin; DAPT; Deglutition disorders; dentate gyrus; dextromethorphan; differentiation; diffusion tensor imaging; disorders of consciousness; Dysphagia; electroacupuncture therapy; electrophysiology; endoplasmic reticulum stress; Esophagus; evaluation; Evans blue tracer; event-related potential; fiber tractography; fractional anisotropy; function restructuring; gene therapy; glaucoma; GRP78; Hes1; hippocampus; Hospitals; hypothermia; immunohistochemistry; inflammation; intraocular pressure; ischemia/reperfusion injury; JNK3; laser photocoagulation; lipid peroxidation; lumbar puncture; magnetic guidance; magnetic resonance image; Magnetic resonance imaging; malondialdehyde; Medical research; microglia; minimally conscious state; motor learning; nanocarrier; nerve growth factor receptor; nerve regeneration; Nervous system; neural degeneration; neural regeneration; neural stem cells; neurodegeneration; neuroinflammation; neurons; neuroprotection; notch signaling pathway; Notch1; NSFC grant; NSFC grants; nutritional state; ocular hypertension; ongluo Jiunao injection; ototoxicity; oxidative stress; oxygen-glucose deprivation; P300; paraquat; Patients; peripheral nerve injury; Physiological aspects; poisoning; polyethyleneimine-polyethylene glycol; post-treatment; PP2; pretreatment; primary cell culture; primary motor area; prognosis; proliferation; rats; reactive oxygen species; real-time quantitative PCR; regeneration; retinal ganglion cell; rosiglitazone; sciatic nerve; SMAD3; Software; spinal cord; spinal cord injury; spinal cord transection; spiral ganglion cells; Src kinase; Stroke; superparamagnetic iron oxide; survival curve; tamoxifen; task difficulty; Tneurotrophic factor; transcranial direct current stimulation; transforming growth factor β1; trauma; type 1 diabetes; ulinastatin; unconsciousness; visuomotor coordination; western blot assay; X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein; Xuesai Tong; 中央; 吞咽; 大脑皮层; 患者; 磁共振成像技术; 神经功能; 运动皮层; 重组; China; United States > US; blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging; cerebral cortex; neural regeneration; cerebral ischemia; dysphagia; nerve regeneration; function restructuring; blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imag-ing
• ISSN: 1673-5374; 1876-7958
• DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.153701

We speculate that cortical reactions evoked by swallowing activity may be abnormal in patients with central infarction with dysphagia. The present study aimed to detect functional imaging features of cerebral cortex in central dysphagia patients by using blood oxygen level-depen- dent functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques. The results showed that when normal controls swallowed, primary motor cortex （BA4）, insula （BA13）, premotor cortex （BA6/8）, supramarginal gyrus （BA40）, and anterior cingulate cortex （BA24/32） were activated, and that the size of the activated areas were larger in the left hemisphere compared with the right. In re- current cerebral infarction patients with central dysphagia, BA4, BA13, BA40 aild BA6/8 areas were activated, while the degree of activation in BA24/32 was decreased. Additionally, more areas were activated, including posterior cingulate cortex （BA23/31）, visual association cortex （BA18/19）, primary auditory cortex （BA41） and parahippocampal cortex （BA36）. Somatosen- sory association cortex （BA7） and left cerebellum in patients with recurrent cerebral infarction with central dysphagia were also activated. Experimental findings suggest that the cerebral cortex has obvious hemisphere lateralization in response to swallowing, and patients with recurrent cerebral infarction with central dysphagia show compensatory recombination phenomena of neurological functions. In rehabilitative treatment, using the favorite food of patients can stimu- late swallowing through visual, auditory, and other nerve conduction pathways, thus promoting compensatory recombination of the central cortex functions.