prevalence and correlates of sitting in European adults - a comparison of 32 Eurobarometer-participating countries

• Published in: The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity Vol. 10; no. 1; p. 107
• Main Authors: Bennie, Jason A, Chau, Josephine Y, van der Ploeg, Hidde P, Stamatakis, Emmanuel, Do, Anna, Bauman, Adrian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Springer-Verlag 11.09.2013; BioMed Central Ltd; BioMed Central
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Adults; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Confidence Intervals; Demography; Europe; Exercise; Female; gender; Health aspects; health status; higher education; Humans; interviews; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Activity; Odds Ratio; physical activity; Physiological aspects; Prevalence studies (Epidemiology); questionnaires; risk; Sedentary Behavior; Sitting position; Socioeconomic Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Time Factors; Type 2 diabetes; Young Adult; Greece; Netherlands; Romania; Hungary; Portugal; Germany; Malta; Europe
• ISSN: 1479-5868; 1479-5868
• DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-10-107

BACKGROUND: Prolonged sitting is an emerging health risk. However, multi-country comparative sitting data are sparse. This paper reports the prevalence and correlates of sitting time in 32 European countries. METHODS: Data from the Eurobarometer 64.3 study were used, which included nationally representative samples (n = 304-1,102) from 32 European countries. Face-to-face interviews were conducted during November and December 2005. Usual weekday sitting time was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short-version). Sitting time was compared by country, age, gender, years of education, general health status, usual activity and physical activity. Multivariable-adjusted analyses assessed the odds of belonging to the highest sitting quartile. RESULTS: Data were available for 27,637 adults aged 15–98 years. Overall, mean reported weekday sitting time was 309 min/day (SD 184 min/day). There was a broad geographical pattern and some of the lowest amounts of daily sitting were reported in southern (Malta and Portugal means 194–236 min/day) and eastern (Romania and Hungary means 191–276 min/day) European countries; and some of the highest amounts of daily sitting were reported in northern European countries (Germany, Benelux and Scandinavian countries; means 407–335 min/day). Multivariable-adjusted analyses showed adults with low physical activity levels (OR = 5.10, CI₉₅ = 4.60-5.66), those with high sitting in their main daily activity (OR = 2.99, CI₉₅ = 2.74-3.25), those with a bad/very bad general health state (OR = 1.87, CI₉₅ = 1.63-2.15) and higher education levels (OR = 1.48, CI₉₅ = 1.38-1.59) were more likely to be in the highest quartile of daily sitting time. Adults within Greece (OR = 2.91, CI₉₅ = 2.51-3.36) and Netherlands (OR = 2.56, CI₉₅ = 2.22-2.94) were most likely to be in the highest quartile. High-sit/low-active participants comprised 10.1% of the sample. Adults self-reporting bad/very bad general health state (OR = 4.74, CI₉₅ = 3.97-5.65), those within high sitting in their main daily activities (OR = 2.87, CI₉₅ = 2.52-3.26) and adults aged ≥65 years (OR = 1.53, CI₉₅ = 1.19-1.96) and were more likely to be in the high-sit/low-active group. CONCLUSIONS: Weekday sitting time and its demographic correlates varied considerably across European countries, with adults in north-western European countries sitting the most. Sitting is prevalent across Europe and merits attention by preventive interventions.