Epidemic Dynamics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Illness in a Hotspot of Disease Emergence, Galicia, Spain

• Published in: Emerging infectious diseases Vol. 24; no. 5; pp. 852 - 859
• Main Authors: Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Trinanes, Joaquin, Abanto, Michel, Lozano-Leon, Antonio, Llovo-Taboada, Jose, Garcia-Campello, Marta, Pousa, Anxela, Powell, Andy, Baker-Austin, Craig, Gonzalez-Escalona, Narjol
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases 01.05.2018; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Subjects: Analysis; bacteria; Communicable Diseases, Emerging - microbiology; Development and progression; DNA, Bacterial - genetics; Epidemic Dynamics of; Epidemics; epidemiology; food safety; Foodborne Diseases - epidemiology; Foodborne Diseases - microbiology; gastroenteritis; Genome, Bacterial; Genomes; Genomics; Health aspects; Humans; Illness in a Hotspot of Disease Emergence, Galicia, Spain; Infection; Phylogeny; seafood safety; Spain; Spain - epidemiology; United Kingdom; Vibrio Infections - epidemiology; Vibrio Infections - microbiology; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio parahaemolyticus - genetics; Vibrio parahaemolyticus - isolation & purification; Spain; United Kingdom; seafood safety; bacteria; whole-genome sequencing; Galicia; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Spain; food safety; epidemiology; global phylogeny; gastroenteritis; warming; enteric infections; climate change
• ISSN: 1080-6040; 1080-6059
• DOI: 10.3201/eid2405.171700

Galicia in northwestern Spain has been considered a hotspot for Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections. Infections abruptly emerged in 1998 and, over the next 15 years, were associated with large outbreaks caused by strains belonging to a single clone. We report a recent transition in the epidemiologic pattern in which cases throughout the region have been linked to different and unrelated strains. Global genome-wide phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of the pathogenic strains isolated from infections were associated with globally diverse isolates, indicating frequent episodic introductions from disparate and remote sources. Moreover, we identified that the 2 major switches in the epidemic dynamics of V. parahaemolyticus in the regions, the emergence of cases and an epidemiologic shift in 2015-2016, were associated with the rise of sea surface temperature in coastal areas of Galicia. This association may represent a fundamental contributing factor in the emergence of illness linked to these introduced pathogenic strains.