Stamped microbattery electrodes based on self-assembled M13 viruses

The fabrication and spatial positioning of electrodes are becoming central issues in battery technology because of emerging needs for small scale power sources, including those embedded in flexible substrates and textiles. More generally, novel electrode positioning methods could enable the use of n...

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Published inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 105; no. 45; pp. 17227 - 17231
Main Authors Nam, Ki Tae, Wartena, Ryan, Yoo, Pil J, Liau, Forrest W, Lee, Yun Jung, Chiang, Yet-Ming, Hammond, Paula T, Belcher, Angela M
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States National Academy of Sciences 11.11.2008
National Acad Sciences
SeriesNanomaterials in Medicine Special Feature Sackler Colloquium
Subjects
Anodes
Bacteriophage M13 - chemistry
Bioelectric Energy Sources - virology
Biological Sciences
Cobalt
Cobalt oxides
Electric current
Electrochemistry - methods
Electrodes
Lithium
Materials
Microscopy, Atomic Force
Nanomaterials in Medicine Special Feature: Sackler Colloquium
Nanoscience
Nanostructured materials
Nanotechnology - methods
Nanowires
Nanowires - chemistry
Platinum
Polymers
Substrates
Viruses
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Summary:The fabrication and spatial positioning of electrodes are becoming central issues in battery technology because of emerging needs for small scale power sources, including those embedded in flexible substrates and textiles. More generally, novel electrode positioning methods could enable the use of nanostructured electrodes and multidimensional architectures in new battery designs having improved electrochemical performance. Here, we demonstrate the synergistic use of biological and nonbiological assembly methods for fabricating and positioning small battery components that may enable high performance microbatteries with complex architectures. A self-assembled layer of virus-templated cobalt oxide nanowires serving as the active anode material in the battery anode was formed on top of microscale islands of polyelectrolyte multilayers serving as the battery electrolyte, and this assembly was stamped onto platinum microband current collectors. The resulting electrode arrays exhibit full electrochemical functionality. This versatile approach for fabricating and positioning electrodes may provide greater flexibility for implementing advanced battery designs such as those with interdigitated microelectrodes or 3D architectures.
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Author contributions: K.T.N., Y.J.L., Y.-M.C., P.T.H., and A.M.B. designed research; K.T.N., R.W., P.J.Y., and F.W.L. performed research; R.W., P.J.Y., Y.-M.C., and P.T.H. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; K.T.N., R.W., F.W.L., Y.J.L., Y.-M.C., P.T.H., and A.M.B. analyzed data; and K.T.N. and A.M.B. wrote the paper.
1Present address: Department of Chemical Engineering and SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440–746, Korea.
Edited by Robert H. Austin, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, and approved July 15, 2008
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0711620105