Genetic and pathobiological characterization of bovine viral diarrhea viruses recently isolated from cattle in Japan

• Published in: Journal of Veterinary Medical Science Vol. 69; no. 5; pp. 515 - 520
• Main Authors: Matsuno, K.(Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo (Japan)), Sakoda, Y, Kameyama, K, Tamai, K, Ito, A, Kida, H
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Japan JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE 01.05.2007; Japan Science and Technology Agency
• Subjects: 5' Untranslated Regions - genetics; Animals; Base Sequence; BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR; BIOLOGIE MOLECULAIRE; BOVIN; BOVINE DIARRHOEA PESTIVIRUS; Bovine viral diarrhea virus; CATTLE; Cattle Diseases - pathology; Cattle Diseases - virology; Cluster Analysis; Diarrhea - pathology; Diarrhea - veterinary; Diarrhea - virology; Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral - genetics; Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral - pathogenicity; EPIDEMIOLOGIA; EPIDEMIOLOGIE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FILOGENIA; GANADO BOVINO; GENOTIPOS; GENOTYPE; GENOTYPES; JAPAN; JAPON; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; molecular epidemiology; Molecular Sequence Data; PATHOGENICITY; PATOGENICIDAD; PESTIVIRUS DE LA DIARREA BOVINA; PESTIVIRUS MALADIE DES MUQUEUSES; phylogenetic analysis; PHYLOGENIE; PHYLOGENY; POUVOIR PATHOGENE; Sequence Analysis, DNA - veterinary; Japan
• ISSN: 0916-7250; 1347-7439
• DOI: 10.1292/jvms.69.515

The 475 strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) isolated from cattle in 12 prefectures of Japan in the last 7 years were phylogenetically classified as BVDV-1 or BVDV-2 on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of the 5'-untranslated region. BVDV-1 strains were further subtyped as 1a (101 strains), 1b (163), 1c (128), 1j (3), and So CP/75-like (1), and all of the 79 BVDV-2 strains belonged to subtype 2a. These 2a BVDVs contain two isolates that had high nucleotide identities with those of highly pathogenic BVDV-2 strains reported in North America (Pellerin et al., 1994). However, acute infection with severe mortality like North American outbreak was not observed and most of the present BVDV-2 strains were isolated from persistently infected (PI) cattle showing mild or no clinical sign. Moreover, it was revealed that 61.5% of the 39 PI cattle with cytopathogenic BVDVs did not show typical mucosal disease and 54.6% of the 405 PI animals only with non-cytopathogenic BVDVs were apparently healthy. The present results indicate that the prevention of the infection with an appropriate vaccine and active surveillance covering healthy cattle are required for the control of BVD.