Comparative evaluation of salivary biomarker levels in e-Cigarette smokers and conventional smokers
Background: The cigarette smoking and its effect on the inflammatory cytokine levels in the smoker's saliva depicted the influence of electronic cigarettes on oral cytokine levels in oral fluids are scarce in the literature. Objectives: The present trial was conducted to compare and determine t...
Saved in:
Published in | Journal of pharmacy & bioallied science Vol. 13; no. 6; pp. 1642 - 1645 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
India
Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd
01.11.2021
Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd Wolters Kluwer - Medknow Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | Background: The cigarette smoking and its effect on the inflammatory cytokine levels in the smoker's saliva depicted the influence of electronic cigarettes on oral cytokine levels in oral fluids are scarce in the literature. Objectives: The present trial was conducted to compare and determine the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in whole stimulated saliva samples of electronic cigarette smokers, conventional smokers, and participants with no smoke exposure. Materials and Methods: Sixty adult participants were divided into the following four groups of nonsmokers, current smokers, smokers smoking both conventional and e-cigarettes, and e-cigarette smokers. The saliva samples were assessed for Interleukins (IL-1B, 6, 8, 10, and IL-1RA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plaque scores and Gingival Index, and body mass index were also calculated. Results: Statistically significant (P < 0.05) and remarkable relationship was seen in plaque scores and IL 1RA, 1 β, and 10 with the respective values as-0.285, 0.268, and 0.267. Regarding anti-inflammatory cytokines, CRP, IL-10, and IL-RA had the P-value of 0.073, 0.945, and 0.834 respectively. When these values were evaluated for proinflammatory cytokines, the P values were 0.0001, 0.019, 0.991, and 903 for TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6, and IL-8, respectively. These results were statistically significant for TNF-α (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Within its limitations, the present study concludes that smoking e-cigarettes whether solely or in combination with conventional smoking increases the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1 β with decreased counter IL-1RA levels. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Background: The cigarette smoking and its effect on the inflammatory cytokine levels in the smoker's saliva depicted the influence of electronic cigarettes on oral cytokine levels in oral fluids are scarce in the literature. Objectives: The present trial was conducted to compare and determine the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in whole stimulated saliva samples of electronic cigarette smokers, conventional smokers, and participants with no smoke exposure. Materials and Methods: Sixty adult participants were divided into the following four groups of nonsmokers, current smokers, smokers smoking both conventional and e-cigarettes, and e-cigarette smokers. The saliva samples were assessed for Interleukins (IL-1B, 6, 8, 10, and IL-1RA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plaque scores and Gingival Index, and body mass index were also calculated. Results: Statistically significant ( P < 0.05) and remarkable relationship was seen in plaque scores and IL 1RA, 1 β, and 10 with the respective values as-0.285, 0.268, and 0.267. Regarding anti-inflammatory cytokines, CRP, IL-10, and IL-RA had the P-value of 0.073, 0.945, and 0.834 respectively. When these values were evaluated for proinflammatory cytokines, the P values were 0.0001, 0.019, 0.991, and 903 for TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6, and IL-8, respectively. These results were statistically significant for TNF-α ( P = 0.001). Conclusion: Within its limitations, the present study concludes that smoking e-cigarettes whether solely or in combination with conventional smoking increases the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1 β with decreased counter IL-1RA levels. The cigarette smoking and its effect on the inflammatory cytokine levels in the smoker's saliva depicted the influence of electronic cigarettes on oral cytokine levels in oral fluids are scarce in the literature. The present trial was conducted to compare and determine the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in whole stimulated saliva samples of electronic cigarette smokers, conventional smokers, and participants with no smoke exposure. Sixty adult participants were divided into the following four groups of nonsmokers, current smokers, smokers smoking both conventional and e-cigarettes, and e-cigarette smokers. The saliva samples were assessed for Interleukins (IL-1B, 6, 8, 10, and IL-1RA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plaque scores and Gingival Index, and body mass index were also calculated. Statistically significant ( < 0.05) and remarkable relationship was seen in plaque scores and IL 1RA, 1 β, and 10 with the respective values as-0.285, 0.268, and 0.267. Regarding anti-inflammatory cytokines, CRP, IL-10, and IL-RA had the P-value of 0.073, 0.945, and 0.834 respectively. When these values were evaluated for proinflammatory cytokines, the P values were 0.0001, 0.019, 0.991, and 903 for TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6, and IL-8, respectively. These results were statistically significant for TNF-α ( = 0.001). Within its limitations, the present study concludes that smoking e-cigarettes whether solely or in combination with conventional smoking increases the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1 β with decreased counter IL-1RA levels. BACKGROUNDThe cigarette smoking and its effect on the inflammatory cytokine levels in the smoker's saliva depicted the influence of electronic cigarettes on oral cytokine levels in oral fluids are scarce in the literature. OBJECTIVESThe present trial was conducted to compare and determine the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in whole stimulated saliva samples of electronic cigarette smokers, conventional smokers, and participants with no smoke exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODSSixty adult participants were divided into the following four groups of nonsmokers, current smokers, smokers smoking both conventional and e-cigarettes, and e-cigarette smokers. The saliva samples were assessed for Interleukins (IL-1B, 6, 8, 10, and IL-1RA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plaque scores and Gingival Index, and body mass index were also calculated. RESULTSStatistically significant (P < 0.05) and remarkable relationship was seen in plaque scores and IL 1RA, 1 β, and 10 with the respective values as-0.285, 0.268, and 0.267. Regarding anti-inflammatory cytokines, CRP, IL-10, and IL-RA had the P-value of 0.073, 0.945, and 0.834 respectively. When these values were evaluated for proinflammatory cytokines, the P values were 0.0001, 0.019, 0.991, and 903 for TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6, and IL-8, respectively. These results were statistically significant for TNF-α (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONWithin its limitations, the present study concludes that smoking e-cigarettes whether solely or in combination with conventional smoking increases the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1 β with decreased counter IL-1RA levels. |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Bhargava, Manish Kumar, Madhuresh Anand, Kumar Verma, Abhishek Kolluri, Amulya Palve, Devendra |
AuthorAffiliation | 5 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Buddha Institute of Dental Science and Hospital, Patna, India 1 Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Buddha Institute of Dental Science and Hospital, Patna, bihar, India 2 Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patna, bihar, India 3 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana, India 6 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra. India 4 Department of Periodontology and Implantalogy, Meghna Institute of Dental Sciences, Nizamabad, Telangana, India |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 6 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra. India – name: 3 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana, India – name: 5 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Buddha Institute of Dental Science and Hospital, Patna, India – name: 1 Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Buddha Institute of Dental Science and Hospital, Patna, bihar, India – name: 2 Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patna, bihar, India – name: 4 Department of Periodontology and Implantalogy, Meghna Institute of Dental Sciences, Nizamabad, Telangana, India |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Abhishek surname: Verma fullname: Verma, Abhishek organization: Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Buddha Institute of Dental Science and Hospital, Patna, bihar – sequence: 2 givenname: Kumar surname: Anand fullname: Anand, Kumar organization: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patna, bihar – sequence: 3 givenname: Manish surname: Bhargava fullname: Bhargava, Manish organization: Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana – sequence: 4 givenname: Amulya surname: Kolluri fullname: Kolluri, Amulya organization: Department of Periodontology and Implantalogy, Meghna Institute of Dental Sciences, Nizamabad, Telangana – sequence: 5 givenname: Madhuresh surname: Kumar fullname: Kumar, Madhuresh organization: Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Buddha Institute of Dental Science and Hospital, Patna – sequence: 6 givenname: Devendra surname: Palve fullname: Palve, Devendra organization: Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35018046$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
BookMark | eNp1ks1v2yAYxq2p0_qx3neaLO2ySzK-bS6TqmhbK1XaZTsjDK8zEmwysB31vy9pmi6ZNpAA8f7eB154LouzPvRQFO8wmjOM6KfVpknz3aCopIrgV8UFkhWfVQyJs6P1eXGd0grlRiWRmL4pzilHuEZMXBRmEbqNjnpwE5QwaT_mZejL0JZJezfp-FA2LnQ6riGWHibwqXR9CbOFW-oIwwBl6kIOplL3tjShn6DfSWh_CLwtXrfaJ7h-nq-Kn1-__Fjczu6_f7tb3NzPjMDVMGs4wbzRDDVcCASt1hZzZhi21PAWcdoQ02oCsqpaw0kNtWgrY1tjmWmwkfSquNvr2qBXahNdvvWDCtqpp40Ql0rHwRkPqqK2pgJzaoExjrVuJAVbV4RLIQmzWevzXmszNh1Yk2uK2p-InkZ690stw6RqkbsUWeDjs0AMv0dIg-pcMuC97iGMSRGBZa6XSp7RD3-hqzDG_ICZ4rJiVCAu_1BLnQtwfRvyuWYnqm5ETZgghO6o-T-o3C10Ln8OtC7vnySgfYKJIaUI7UuNGKmdz9STxY58llPeH7_NS8LBVRlY7IFt8EM2wNqPW4gqs-s-bP8rrLBgRB0MSR8BxNXq2A |
CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_4103_1673_5374_373675 |
Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.jdent.2004.04.003 10.18332/tid/116988 10.4331/wjbc.v3.i10.180 10.7554/eLife.49979 10.1902/jop.1967.38.6.610 10.1080/20002297.2018.1428006 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.09.001 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.01.019 10.1038/clpt.2011.191 10.1016/S0022-1759(01)00419-7 10.1177/2042098614524430 10.1128/CMR.00021-13 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | Copyright: © 2021 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences. COPYRIGHT 2021 Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd. 2021. This article is published under (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/) (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. Copyright: © 2021 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 2021 |
Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright: © 2021 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences. – notice: COPYRIGHT 2021 Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd. – notice: 2021. This article is published under (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/) (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: Copyright: © 2021 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 2021 |
DBID | NPM AAYXX CITATION 3V. 7RV 7X7 7XB 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8FK 8G5 ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BBNVY BENPR BHPHI CCPQU DWQXO FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ GUQSH HCIFZ K9. KB0 LK8 M0S M2O M7P MBDVC NAPCQ PIMPY PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS Q9U 7X8 5PM DOA |
DOI | 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_393_21 |
DatabaseName | PubMed CrossRef ProQuest Central (Corporate) ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Database ProQuest Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Natural Science Collection Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) Research Library (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials Biological Science Collection AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student Research Library Prep SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition) Biological Sciences Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest research library Biological Science Database Research Library (Corporate) Nursing & Allied Health Premium Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central Basic MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) Directory of Open Access Journals |
DatabaseTitle | PubMed CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database Research Library Prep ProQuest Central Student ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College Research Library (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central Health Research Premium Collection Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea Biological Science Collection ProQuest Research Library ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central Basic ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Biological Science Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) Nursing & Allied Health Premium ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source (Alumni) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef PubMed MEDLINE - Academic Publicly Available Content Database |
Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: BENPR name: AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology |
EISSN | 0975-7406 |
EndPage | 1645 |
ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_73d836153de4451aab93ed872596924d A682462239 10_4103_jpbs_jpbs_393_21 35018046 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_393_21_1642_Comparat |
Genre | Journal Article |
GroupedDBID | - 3V. 5VS 7RV 7X7 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8G5 ABDBF ABPTK ABUWG ACGFS ACPRK ADACO ADBBV AFKRA ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS AZQEC BAWUL BBNVY BCNDV BENPR BHPHI BPHCQ DIK DWQXO E3Z EBD EOJEC ESX F5P FYUFA GNUQQ GROUPED_DOAJ GUQSH GX1 HCIFZ HYE IAO IHR INH INR ITC KQ8 LK8 M2O M7P ML0 M~E NAPCQ O5R O5S OBODZ OK1 P2P PADUT PIMPY PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS PROAC RIG RMW RNS RPM TR2 TUS W3E --- AAFWJ ABJNI ABXLX ADRAZ AFPKN ALIPV CCPQU H13 HMCUK IL9 IPNFZ M48 MK0 NPM OVD PGMZT TEORI UKHRP AAYXX CITATION 7XB 8FK K9. MBDVC Q9U 7X8 5PM |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c617t-b5215ba40b5660efaad154c41d3c5f053b2cfa2e977fc528e86f7cdfcd4cb1c93 |
IEDL.DBID | RPM |
ISSN | 0975-7406 0976-4879 |
IngestDate | Thu Sep 05 15:43:15 EDT 2024 Tue Sep 17 21:08:27 EDT 2024 Fri Aug 16 05:28:20 EDT 2024 Sat Sep 28 14:29:34 EDT 2024 Fri Feb 23 00:02:49 EST 2024 Fri Feb 02 04:28:14 EST 2024 Wed Sep 04 12:42:19 EDT 2024 Sat Sep 28 08:20:41 EDT 2024 Tue Nov 23 06:55:48 EST 2021 |
IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
IsOpenAccess | true |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 6 |
Keywords | inflammatory mediators gingival index salivary biomarkers plaque scores E-cigarette smoking |
Language | English |
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 Copyright: © 2021 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences. This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. |
LinkModel | DirectLink |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c617t-b5215ba40b5660efaad154c41d3c5f053b2cfa2e977fc528e86f7cdfcd4cb1c93 |
Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
OpenAccessLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8686896/ |
PMID | 35018046 |
PQID | 2597436059 |
PQPubID | 226472 |
PageCount | 4 |
ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_73d836153de4451aab93ed872596924d pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8686896 proquest_miscellaneous_2619215395 proquest_journals_2597436059 gale_infotracmisc_A682462239 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A682462239 crossref_primary_10_4103_jpbs_jpbs_393_21 pubmed_primary_35018046 wolterskluwer_medknow_10_4103_jpbs_jpbs_393_21_1642_Comparat |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 20211101 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2021-11-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 11 year: 2021 text: 20211101 day: 01 |
PublicationDecade | 2020 |
PublicationPlace | India |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: India – name: Mumbai |
PublicationTitle | Journal of pharmacy & bioallied science |
PublicationTitleAlternate | J Pharm Bioallied Sci |
PublicationYear | 2021 |
Publisher | Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd Wolters Kluwer - Medknow Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
Publisher_xml | – name: Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd – name: Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd – name: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd – name: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow – name: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
References | Benowitz (R8-155-20240829) 2011; 90 Farsalinos (R2-155-20240829) 2014; 5 Goutoudi (R9-155-20240829) 2004; 32 Löe (R6-155-20240829) 1967; 38 Out (R12-155-20240829) 2012; 26 Ebersole (R3-155-20240829) 2020; 18 Jha (R1-155-20240829) 2020; 9 Brailo (R11-155-20240829) 2006; 42 Rabe (R5-155-20240829) 2018; 10 Olayanju (R7-155-20240829) 2012; 3 Nemzek (R13-155-20240829) 2001; 255 Yoshizawa (R4-155-20240829) 2013; 26 |
References_xml | – volume: 32 start-page: 511 year: 2004 ident: R9-155-20240829 article-title: Effect of periodontal therapy on crevicular fluid interleukin-1beta and interleukin-10 levels in chronic periodontitis publication-title: J Dent doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2004.04.003 contributor: fullname: Goutoudi – volume: 18 start-page: 41 year: 2020 ident: R3-155-20240829 article-title: Harmful chemicals emitted from electronic cigarettes and potential deleterious effects in the oral cavity publication-title: Tob Induc Dis doi: 10.18332/tid/116988 contributor: fullname: Ebersole – volume: 3 start-page: 180 year: 2012 ident: R7-155-20240829 article-title: Salivary immunoglobulin classes in Nigerian smokers with periodontitis publication-title: World J Biol Chem doi: 10.4331/wjbc.v3.i10.180 contributor: fullname: Olayanju – volume: 9 start-page: 49979 year: 2020 ident: R1-155-20240829 article-title: The hazards of smoking and the benefits of cessation: A critical summation of the epidemiological evidence in high-income countries publication-title: Elife doi: 10.7554/eLife.49979 contributor: fullname: Jha – volume: 38 start-page: l610 year: 1967 ident: R6-155-20240829 article-title: The gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems publication-title: J Periodontol doi: 10.1902/jop.1967.38.6.610 contributor: fullname: Löe – volume: 10 start-page: 1428006 year: 2018 ident: R5-155-20240829 article-title: Comparative analysis of Salivette® and paraffin gum preparations for establishment of a metaproteomics analysis pipeline for stimulated human saliva publication-title: J Oral Microbiol doi: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1428006 contributor: fullname: Rabe – volume: 42 start-page: 370 year: 2006 ident: R11-155-20240829 article-title: The significance of salivary interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with oral leukoplakia publication-title: Oral Oncol doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.09.001 contributor: fullname: Brailo – volume: 26 start-page: 543 year: 2012 ident: R12-155-20240829 article-title: Assessing salivary C-reactive protein: Longitudinal associations with systemic inflammation and cardiovascular disease risk in women exposed to intimate partner violence publication-title: Brain Behav Immun doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.01.019 contributor: fullname: Out – volume: 90 start-page: 491 year: 2011 ident: R8-155-20240829 article-title: Smokeless tobacco as a nicotine delivery device: Harm or harm reduction? publication-title: Clin Pharmacol Ther doi: 10.1038/clpt.2011.191 contributor: fullname: Benowitz – volume: 255 start-page: 149 year: 2001 ident: R13-155-20240829 article-title: Development and optimization of cytokine ELISAs using commercial antibody pairs publication-title: J Immunol Methods doi: 10.1016/S0022-1759(01)00419-7 contributor: fullname: Nemzek – volume: 5 start-page: 67 year: 2014 ident: R2-155-20240829 article-title: Safety evaluation and risk assessment of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: A systematic review publication-title: Ther Adv Drug Saf doi: 10.1177/2042098614524430 contributor: fullname: Farsalinos – volume: 26 start-page: 781 year: 2013 ident: R4-155-20240829 article-title: Salivary biomarkers: Toward future clinical and diagnostic utilities publication-title: Clin Microbiol Rev doi: 10.1128/CMR.00021-13 contributor: fullname: Yoshizawa |
SSID | ssj0000392913 |
Score | 2.275047 |
Snippet | Background: The cigarette smoking and its effect on the inflammatory cytokine levels in the smoker's saliva depicted the influence of electronic cigarettes on... The cigarette smoking and its effect on the inflammatory cytokine levels in the smoker's saliva depicted the influence of electronic cigarettes on oral... BACKGROUNDThe cigarette smoking and its effect on the inflammatory cytokine levels in the smoker's saliva depicted the influence of electronic cigarettes on... |
SourceID | doaj pubmedcentral proquest gale crossref pubmed wolterskluwer |
SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
StartPage | 1642 |
SubjectTerms | Analysis Body mass index C-reactive protein Cigarette smoking Cytokines e-cigarette Electronic cigarettes Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Gingival index IL-1β Inflammation inflammatory mediators Interleukin 1 Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist Interleukin 1 receptors Interleukin 10 Interleukin 6 Interleukin 8 Oral fluids Original plaque scores Saliva salivary biomarkers Smokers Smoking Statistical analysis Tumor necrosis factor-TNF Tumor necrosis factor-α |
SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3da9RAEF-kT4KI36bWsoJUhMYm2U02C760h6UISh9a6Nuyn3jaJuVyRe6_d2aTu0sU8UUO8nCzgezOzM5v2JnfEvLWlCFAlJFpnluWchHA55xhaS49t9o4xjPsHf7ytTq75J-vyqvRVV9YE9bTA_cLdySYqxmiEueRS0trI5l3tQDYXkHu4OLum5ejZCruwRj2-7uRpShTAWGrP6PkecaOvt-a7gM-FJNMFfkkJkXq_j836FGE-r168sHPFk-2ux-xsH0Unk4fkYcDrqTH_Xwek3u-eUIOznti6tUhvdj2WXWH9ICebymrV0-JnW1JwOmWAJy2gXYaD4sWK4qN-ljLs6DXWGjU0XlDfTqbx3tyl552Ny0IO6obR8e17GvBM3J5-ulidpYO1y-kFmDNMjUQ2UujeWYA8mU-aO0Ab1meO2bLAM5rCht04QFBBlsWta-rIKwL1nFrcivZc7LTtI1_SajLAgMNWlnVgQdXacO4YJAdCw-ALHcJeb9WgLrtWTYUZCeoLBX1NFJWQk5QQ5txyI8d_wCrUYPVqH9ZTULeoX4VejEo0eqhGQE-F_mw1HFVF7wC6CQTsjcZCd5np-K1hajB-ztVYJbGIFEE8ZuNGN_EirbGt3cwBjNX-EBZJuRFb1CbKUWWxYxXCRETU5vMeSpp5t8iN3hdwU_Cmx8nRqlu-ubKv66qgrS5UGtj2_0fa_yK3C-wACg2bu6RneXizr8GBLc0-9FZfwE3P0bW priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – databaseName: ProQuest Health & Medical Collection dbid: 7X7 link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3ra9RAEF9q_SJI8W20ygpSERovyW4eC4LUw3IISj-0cN-WfdbTNjkvKXL_vTN53F0U5SAfbjckm5nZ-c3uzG8Jea1T78HLiDCODQt57sHmrGZhLBw3SlvGI6wd_vI1m13wz_N0vkdmQy0MplUOc2I7UdvK4Br5JEHkywB8i4nSuApgmsmH5c8Qz4_Cfdb-MI1b5HacAKwAzc7n-Wa1JUIY0J2VDP43BJQuuj1LHkds8n2p63d4kUwwmcQjH9VS-f89Ye94rD-zKe_-qnCnu_7RJrrvuKvTe-Sgx5n0pFOM-2TPlQ_I0VlHVL0-pufbuqv6mB7Rsy2F9fohMdMtKTjdEoLTytNa4ebRak2xcB9ze1b0ChOParooqQuni_bc3MbR-rqCxpqq0tLd3Pah4RG5OP10Pp2F_XEMoQGY04QaPH2qFY80QMDIeaUs4C_DY8tM6sGYdWK8ShwgSm_SpHBF5nNjvbHc6NgI9pjsl1XpnhJqI89SZo3ICs-9zZRmPGcQLecOAFpsA_J2EIBcdqwbEqIVFJZs5bQjrIB8RAlt-iFfdvtHtbqUvfnJnNmCIba1DhnZlNKCOVvkoFUZRKDwwDcoX4lWjbql-uIEeF3kx5InWZHwDKCUCMjhqCdYoxk3Dxoi-9mgllvdDcirTTPeiRlupatuoA9GsvCCIg3Ik06hNkNqWRcjngUkH6naaMzjlnLxreUKLzL4Cbjz_Ugp5XVXbPnPryohjE7koGzP_j-q5-ROgqk-bYnmIdlvVjfuBWC1Rr9szfA3xipDFg priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest – databaseName: Scholars Portal Open Access Journals dbid: M48 link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3ra9RAEF-kfhFEfButsoJUhOZMspvHgiD1sBSh0g896Ldln3raJjW5ovffO5PH5aJVDvLhZvPYzEzmN-zMbwl5pVPvIcqIMI4NC3nuweesZmEsHDdKW8Yj7B0-_pwdLfins_RsbI_uX2BzbWqH-0kt6vPZrx_r9-DwgF9nPI7Y22-XupnhQTLBJHaV30w442jvxz3Yb7_LCAW6_ZIhBoeA1EW3bnntRSZxqqXz__ujvRW1_qyovP2zwtXu5ntb7L4Vsg7vkjs91qQHnXHcIzdceZ_snXRk1et9ejr2XjX7dI-ejDTW6wfEzEdicDqSgtPK00bhAlK9pti8j_U9NT3H4qOGLkvqwvmy3Tt35WhzUYGwoaq0dLu-fRA8JIvDj6fzo7DfkiE0AHVWoYZon2rFIw0wMHJeKQsYzPDYMpN6cGidGK8SB6jSmzQpXJH53FhvLDc6NoI9IjtlVbonhNrIs5RZI7LCc28zpRnPGWTMuQOQFtuAvBkUIC875g0JGQsqS7Z62lJWQD6ghjbjkDO7_aOqv8jeBWXObMEQ31qHrGxKacGcLXJIADPIQuGGr1G_Em0NlGhU36AAj4scWfIgKxKeAZwSAdmdjASPNFPxYCFyMGiZYObGIHkE8cuNGM_EKrfSVVcwBrNZeECRBuRxZ1CbKbXMixHPApJPTG0y56mkXH5t-cKLDH4Cznw3MUp50TVc_vOtSkilEzkY29P_z-oZuZVguU_bprlLdlb1lXsOeG2lX7Ru-BsTgUQC priority: 102 providerName: Scholars Portal – databaseName: Medknow Open Access Journals dbid: W3E link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3da9RAEF9KfRFErJ-nVVaQitBgkt18EX2oh6UISh9a7duyn_TUJuVyRzn_emd2k7uL4pPcS7jZkM3OzO5vsjO_JeSVypyDVaaKkkSziBcOfM4oFiWV5Voqw3iMtcOfv-Qn5_zTRXaxQ35tZVV-v8aTsxFkBZ7gMIK-rqv_clVkUQELUb0CY4CYOE3qwZVZHbqb18EfIRhIaztcZrVcAiZdvP-Ks17taYkg3L8FkVmFTv2Nbb7PxAgcwunKw_PCLidPYvYW--g7KljFRJqMVjVP_v_3FL-1xv2Zf3nnpsW98e6HT43fWuCO75G7PTKlR2Eg9siObe6Tg9NAbb06pGebSq3ukB7Q0w3p9eoB0dMNjTjdUIjT1tFO4nbTfEWx1B-zgeb0J6YqdXTWUBtNZ_6k3YWl3VULwo7KxtDtbPhB8JCcH388m55E_QEOkQZgtIgUYINMSR4rAI2xdVIaQGyaJ4bpzIH7q1Q7mVrAoE5naWnL3BXaOG24Vomu2COy27SNfUKoiR3LmNFVXjruTC4V4wWD-LqwAOkSMyFvBgWI68DTISC-QWUJr6ctZU3IB9TQuh0ybPs_wNxEb26iYKZkiIaNRQ43KVXFrCkLCBdziFnhga9RvwLnAVCiln05A3QXGbXEUV6mPAfwVU3I_qgl-K8eiwcLEf380YkU4zwGoSaIX67FeCfmxDW2XUIbjH2hg1U2IY-DQa1fyfM0xjyfkGJkaqN3Hkua2aVnFy9z-FVw57uRUYqrUJ75z1EV6GtiMLan_3f7M3Ib_ToUfe6T3cV8aZ8D-luoF95NfwP0XF6u priority: 102 providerName: Wolters Kluwer Health |
Title | Comparative evaluation of salivary biomarker levels in e-Cigarette smokers and conventional smokers |
URI | http://www.jpbsonline.org/article.asp?issn=0975-7406;year=2021;volume=13;issue=6;spage=1642;epage=1645;aulast=Verma;type=0 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35018046 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2597436059/abstract/ https://search.proquest.com/docview/2619215395 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8686896 https://doaj.org/article/73d836153de4451aab93ed872596924d |
Volume | 13 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3da9swEBdt9zIYY9_11gUNRsegTmxL_oK9NCGljKWEtWV5E9bX5m2xQ5wy8t_vJNuJvbGXEdBDTsFW7s73O-vuJ4Te8lBriDKp6_uCuDTW4HOSE9dPFRUZl4R6pnd4dhVd3tKPi3BxgMK2F8YW7QueD4ufy2GRf7O1laulGLV1YqP5bJJE8Emj0SE6jAnppOj28Wsifn0sMoRaFwB5Wm9PUt8jo-8rXg3NwEhKWGAOirGcdp5BwJ3IZAn8_35Md-LUnzWUD36VZn-7-mHL2ztB6uIRetigS3xer-IxOlDFE3Q6r-mpt2f4Zt9tVZ3hUzzfE1dvnyIx2VOB4-mOBhyXGl9nZstovcXjvFyaip41_mTKjSqcF1i5k9yelrtR-HpZgrDCWSHxpFPR3gqeoduL6c3k0m0OYXAFgJuNyyG-hzyjHgfg5ymdZRJQl6C-JCLU4MI8EDoLFOBILcIgUUmkYyG1kFRwX6TkOToqykIdIyw9TUIiRRolmmoZZZxQ0B9JYgWwzJcOet8qgK1qrg0GOYrRG7Mq6-jNQWOjod08w5JtvyjXX1ljKywmMiEG0UpleNiyjKdEySSGlC-CvBMu-M7olxlfBiWKrGlJgNs1rFjsPEoCGgGASh100psJPij64tZCWPMMqFhgcjUC6SKI3-zE5pemrq1Q5R3MMfkr3GAaOuhFbVC7JbV26aC4Z2q9Nfcl4DCWIbxxEAd96BklW9Ytlv_8VxkkzwFrje3lf1_4FbofmNof27N5go426zv1GsDbhg_AZRfxAN0bT6_mnwf2FQiMM5oMrBvD-IVMfwMQYEzG |
link.rule.ids | 230,315,733,786,790,870,891,2115,2236,12083,21416,24346,27491,27957,27958,31754,31755,33779,33780,43345,43840,53827,53829 |
linkProvider | National Library of Medicine |
linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3ri9QwEA96flAQ8W311AhyIly9tkkfAUHOxWPVu-M-7MF-C3nqqteu2z1k_3tn-tjdKspCP2xS2nRmMr9JZn4h5KVOvQcvI8I4NizkuQebs5qFsXDcKG0Zj7B2-OQ0G5_zT9N02i241V1aZT8nNhO1rQyukR8kiHwZgG_xbv4zxFOjcHe1O0LjKrnGGeOY0pdP8_UaS4TOvz0hGbxuCNhctDuVPI7Ywbe5rt_gRTLBZBIPPFND4P_3NL3lp_7Mobz5q8L97fp7k96-5aSObpNbHbqkh6063CFXXHmX7J219NSrfTrZVFvV-3SPnm2Iq1f3iBltqMDphgacVp7WCreMFiuK5fqY0bOgPzDdqKazkrpwNGtOy106Wl9U0FhTVVq6ndHeN9wn50cfJqNx2B3CEBoAN8tQg39PteKRBuAXOa-UBdRleGyZST2YsE6MV4kDHOlNmhSuyHxurDeWGx0bwR6QnbIq3SNCbeRZyqwRWeG5t5nSjOcMYuTcASyLbUBe9wKQ85ZrQ0KMgsKSjZy2hBWQ9yihdT9kyW7-qBZfZGd0Mme2YIhorUMeNqW0YM4WOehSBnEnPPAVyleiLYMQjepKEuB1kRVLHmZFwjMAUCIgu4OeYINm2NxriOzmgFpuNDYgL9bNeCfmtZWuuoQ-GL_CC4o0IA9bhVoPqeFajHgWkHygaoMxD1vK2deGIbzI4CfgzrcDpZQXbYnlP7-qhOA5kb2yPf7_qJ6T6-PJybE8_nj6-Qm5kWCyT1OkuUt2lotL9xTQ2lI_a0zyNyEeQkk |
linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1ba9RAFB60ggji_RKtOoJUhCabZHIFX9q1S9W2LLSF4sswV13rJstmF1l_vWcmyW5S8aUE9iFnlmQy35zzHebMNwi947HWEGVyNwgEcaNUw5yTnLhBriLBuCSRb_YOH58kh-fRl4v4onPUly3aF3ziFb-mXjH5YWsrZ1MxaOvEBuPjYZbAlSeDmdSDm-gWzNkw7yTq1gmbuF8fjgwB1wVanteLlFHgk8HPGa8880NJTmhojouxyna-4cGd-GRl_P911p1odbWS8u7v0qxyV5e2yL0Tqkb30be2k3WFyqW3XHBP_Lmi_3itr_AA3WsILN6rmzxEN1TxCO2MawXs1S4-22zoqnbxDh5vtLFXj5EYbtTG8cFaaRyXGp8ysyo1X-H9STk1RUNzfGQqmio8KbByhxN7IO9C4dNpCcYKs0LiYadovjU8Qeejg7Phoduc8-AK4E8LlwOFiDmLfA7c0leaMQnETkSBJCLW4CV4KDQLFVBVLeIwU1miUyG1kJHggcjJU7RVlIV6jrD0NYmJFHmS6UjLhHESpQTS8FQB8wukgz60o0tntZwHhTTIgIJaPHRA4aB9M_zrdkaI294o599pMxA0JTIjhjRLZaTeGOM5UTJLIatMILWFB7434KHGXQBCBGt2PcDrGuEtupdkYZQAR8sdtN1rCdNc9M0t_GjjZioamnSQQEYK5rdrs_mnKZ0rVLmENiZFhhfMYwc9q9G67lILegelPRz3-ty3ABqtCHmDPgd97CGeTutdnP_9qhTy85C2YHtx7Qe_QbfHn0b06PPJ15foTmgqjewO0W20tZgv1Sugigv-2jqFv2oQbBE |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Comparative+evaluation+of+salivary+biomarker+levels+in+e-Cigarette+smokers+and+conventional+smokers&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+pharmacy+%26+bioallied+science&rft.au=Verma%2C+Abhishek&rft.au=Kumar%2C+Anand&rft.au=Bhargava%2C+Manish&rft.au=Kolluri%2C+Amulya&rft.date=2021-11-01&rft.pub=Medknow+Publications+%26+Media+Pvt.+Ltd&rft.issn=0976-4879&rft.eissn=0975-7406&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1642&rft.epage=1645&rft_id=info:doi/10.4103%2Fjpbs.jpbs_393_21 |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0975-7406&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0975-7406&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0975-7406&client=summon |