Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): One Health Perspective Approach to the Bacterium Epidemiology, Virulence Factors, Antibiotic-Resistance, and Zoonotic Impact

• Published in: Infection and drug resistance Vol. 13; pp. 3255 - 3265
• Main Authors: Algammal, Abdelazeem M, Hetta, Helal F, Elkelish, Amr, Alkhalifah, Dalal Hussien H, Hozzein, Wael N., Batiha, Gaber El-Saber, El Nahhas, Nihal, Mabrok, Mahmoud A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Macclesfield Dove Medical Press Limited 01.01.2020; Taylor & Francis Ltd; Dove; Dove Medical Press
• Subjects: Animals; Antibiotic resistance; Antibiotics; Antimicrobial agents; antimicrobial resistance; Bacteria; Bacterial infections; Botryomycosis; Cattle; Cefoxitin; Disease; Diseases; Drug resistance; Egypt; Endocarditis; Enzymes; Epidemiology; Exudative epidermatitis; Food contamination & poisoning; Food poisoning; Genes; Infectious diseases; Lymphadenitis; Mastitis; MecA protein; Membranes; Methicillin; Microbial drug resistance; mrsa; Nosocomial infections; Osteomyelitis; Otitis media; pathogenicity; Pathogens; Penicillin; Plasma; Pre-eclampsia; Proteins; Public health; Review; Saudi Arabia; Sepsis; Skin; Soft tissues; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus aureus infections; Staphylococcus infections; Tetracyclines; Toxins; treatment; Virulence; Virulence (Microbiology); Virulence factors; Zoonoses; Saudi Arabia; Egypt
• ISSN: 1178-6973; 1178-6973
• DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S272733

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major human pathogen and a historically emergent zoonotic pathogen with public health and veterinary importance. In humans, MRSA commonly causes severe infectious diseases, including food poisoning, pyogenic endocarditis, suppurative pneumonia, otitis media, osteomyelitis, and pyogenic infections of the skin, soft tissues. In the horse, MRSA could cause a localized purulent infection and botryomycosis; in cattle and ewe, localized pyogenic infection and severe acute mastitis with marked toxemia; in sheep, abscess disease resembles caseous lymphadenitis caused by anaerobic strains; in dogs and cats, pustular dermatitis and food poisoning; in pig, exudative epidermatitis "greasy pig disease; in birds, MRSA causes bumble-foot. The methicillin resistance could be determined by PCR-based detection of the mecA gene as well as resistance to cefoxitin. In Egypt, MRSA is one of the important occasions of subclinical and clinical bovine mastitis, and the prevalence of MRSA varies by geographical region. In this review, we are trying to illustrate variable data about the host susceptibility, diseases, epidemiology, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, treatment, and control of MRSA infection. Keywords: MRSA, One Health Approach, pathogenicity, virulence factors, epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, treatment