Diagnostic and clinical implications of functional neuroimaging in bipolar disorder

• Published in: Journal of psychiatric research Vol. 57; pp. 12 - 25
• Main Authors: Brooks, John O., Vizueta, Nathalie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2014; Elsevier
• Subjects: Adult; Adult and adolescent clinical studies; Affect; Biological and medical sciences; Biomarkers; Bipolar disorder; Bipolar Disorder - diagnosis; Bipolar Disorder - drug therapy; Bipolar Disorder - physiopathology; Bipolar disorders; Female; fMRI; Functional Neuroimaging - methods; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Mood disorders; PET; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prognosis; Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Treatment; Treatment Outcome; Biomarkers; Mood disorders; fMRI; Bipolar disorder; Treatment; PET; Radionuclide study; Human; Mood disorder; Central nervous system; Biological marker; Review; Metabolism; Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; Encephalon; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Medical imagery; Diagnosis; Positron emission tomography; Functional imaging; Emission tomography
• ISSN: 0022-3956; 1879-1379; 1879-1379
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.05.018

Advances in functional neuroimaging have ushered in studies that have enhanced our understanding of the neuropathophysiology of bipolar disorder, but do not yet have clinical applications. We describe the major circuits (ventrolateral, dorsolateral, ventromedial, and anterior cingulate) thought to be involved in the corticolimbic dysregulation that may underlie mood states in patients with bipolar disorder. The potential clinical application of functional neuroimaging in bipolar disorder is considered in terms of prognostic, predictive, and treatment biomarkers. To date, most research has focused on prognostic biomarkers to differentiate patients with bipolar disorder from those with other affective or psychotic diagnoses, or healthy subjects. The search for treatment biomarkers, which suggest mechanisms of pharmacodynamic or treatment response, and predictive biomarkers has thus far involved only pediatric patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder. The results to date are encouraging and suggest that functional neuroimaging may be of eventual benefit in determining biomarkers of treatment response. Further refinement of biomarker identification, and perhaps even illness characterization are needed to find prognostic and predictive biomarkers of bipolar disorder.