Effect of walnut-enriched meat on the relationship between VCAM, ICAM, and LTB4 levels and PON-1 activity in ApoA4 360 and PON-1 allele carriers at increased cardiovascular risk

• Published in: European journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 65; no. 6; pp. 703 - 710
• Main Authors: Canales, A, Sánchez-Muniz, F J, Bastida, S, Librelotto, J, Nus, M, Corella, D, Guillen, M, Benedi, J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.06.2011; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 631/208/212/2130; 631/208/457/649; 692/699/75; Adhesion; alleles; Apolipoprotein A-I - blood; Apolipoproteins A - blood; Apolipoproteins A - genetics; aryldialkylphosphatase; Aryldialkylphosphatase - blood; Aryldialkylphosphatase - genetics; Biological and medical sciences; Biomarkers; Cardiology. Vascular system; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - blood; Cardiovascular Diseases - genetics; Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control; Cell adhesion molecules; Cell Adhesion Molecules - blood; chemoattractants; Cholesterol, HDL - blood; Clinical Nutrition; Composition; Control; Coronary heart disease; Diet; Enrichment; enzyme activity; Epidemiology; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; Food, Fortified; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gene polymorphism; Genes; genetic polymorphism; Health aspects; Health risks; Heart; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators - blood; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 - blood; Internal Medicine; Juglans; Leukotriene B4; Leukotriene B4 - blood; leukotrienes; Male; Meat; Medical sciences; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Metabolic Diseases; Middle Aged; Nuts; original-article; Paraoxonase; Plant Preparations - pharmacology; Polymorphism; Polymorphism, Genetic; Precooked meat; Prevention; Public Health; Risk; Risk Factors; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 - blood; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; Walnut; Walnuts; Spain; APOA4 polymorphism; sICAM-1; meat enriched in walnut paste; PON-1 polymorphism; sVCAM-1; leukotriene B4; Arachidonic acid derivatives; Paste; Activity; Metabolic diseases; Cardiovascular disease; Coronary heart disease; Meat; Allele; Leukotriene B4; Walnut; Eicosanoid; Risk factor; Cardiovascular risk; Carrier; Polymorphism
• ISSN: 0954-3007; 1476-5640; 1476-5640
• DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.20

Background/objective: Cardiovascular risk depends largely on paraoxonase (PON-1) and apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) gene polymorphisms. To compare the effects of consumption of walnut-enriched meat versus low-fat meat (LM) on selected soluble adhesion molecules and leukotrienes (LTB4). Subjects/Methods: In all 22 subjects at increased cardiovascular risk were taken. It is a non-blinded, cross-over, placebo-controlled study. Two 5-week experimental periods separated by 4–6 week wash-out interval. Participants consumed walnut-enriched meat during one period and LM during the other. Diet characteristics, HDLc, Apo A1, paraoxonase, sVCAM-1, sICAM-1 and LTB4 were analysed. PON-1 55, PON-1 192 and APOA4 360 polymorphism effects were also assessed. Results: Individuals consuming walnut-enriched meat displayed higher paraoxonase activity ( P <0.001), lower levels of sICAM and aVCAM ( P =0.046, P =0.012, respectively) and leukotriene B4 ( P =0.044), and lower paraoxonase-1/HDLc and paraoxonase-1/Apo A1 ratios (both, P <0.001) than those consuming LM. Paraoxonase levels correlated negatively with those of sICAM ( r =−0.471, P <0.01). Significant decreases (at least P <0.05) were observed in sICAM concentrations in PON-1 55LM+MM, PON-1 QQ192 and APOA4-2 carriers while decreases in sVCAM in QR+RR and APOA4-1 carriers were observed. Paraoxonase-1/HDLc and paraoxonase-1/Apo A1 ratios were significantly influenced by paraoxonase polymorphisms. Conclusions: Walnut-enriched meat appears as a functional meat as consumed in the framework of a mix diet lowered the concentration of some selected inflammatory chemoattractant biomarkers. This effect was largely influenced by PON-1 and Apo A4-360 polymorphisms.