The Plant Cell Wall—Decomposing Machinery Underlies the Functional Diversity of Forest Fungi

• Published in: Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 333; no. 6043; pp. 762 - 765
• Main Authors: Eastwood, Daniel C., Floudas, Dimitrios, Binder, Manfred, Majcherczyk, Andrzej, Schneider, Patrick, Aerts, Andrea, Asiegbu, Fred O., Baker, Scott E., Barry, Kerrie, Bendiksby, Mika, Blumentritt, Melanie, Coutinho, Pedro M., Cullen, Dan, de Vries, Ronald P., Gathman, Allen, Goodell, Barry, Henrissat, Bernard, Ihrmark, Katarina, Kauserud, Hävard, Kohler, Annegret, LaButti, Kurt, Lapidus, Alla, Lavin, José L., Lee, Yong-Hwan, Lindquist, Erika, Lilly, Walt, Lucas, Susan, Morin, Emmanuelle, Murat, Claude, Oguiza, José A., Park, Jongsun, Pisabarro, Antonio G., Riley, Robert, Rosling, Anna, Salamov, Asaf, Schmidt, Olaf, Schmutz, Jeremy, Skrede, Inger, Stenlid, Jan, Wiebenga, Ad, Xie, Xinfeng, Kües, Ursula, Hibbett, David S., Hoffmeister, Dirk, Högberg, Nils, Martin, Francis, Grigoriev, Igor V., Watkinson, Sarah C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC American Association for the Advancement of Science 05.08.2011; The American Association for the Advancement of Science; American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
• Subjects: Adaptations; Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; Basidiomycota - classification; Basidiomycota - enzymology; Basidiomycota - genetics; Basidiomycota - physiology; Biodiversity; Biological and medical sciences; Biological Evolution; Biota; Boreal forests; Brown rot fungi; Cell Wall - metabolism; Coniferophyta - microbiology; Coniferous forests; Coriolaceae - enzymology; Coriolaceae - genetics; Coriolaceae - physiology; Economic plant physiology; Enzymes; Forest Science; Forest soils; Forestry; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Fungi; Förnyelsebar bioenergi; Gene Expression Profiling; Genes, Fungal; Genomes; Genomics; Life Sciences; Lignin; Lignin - metabolism; Magnoliopsida - microbiology; Mycorrhizae - enzymology; Mycorrhizae - genetics; Mycorrhizae - physiology; Oxidoreductases - genetics; Oxidoreductases - metabolism; Peroxidases - genetics; Peroxidases - metabolism; Phylogeny; Placenta; Plant pathology; Proteome; Proteomics; Renewable Bioenergy Research; Serpula lacrymans; Skogsvetenskap; Soil science; Symbiosis; Symbiosis (nodules, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, mycorrhiza...); Trees; Trees - microbiology; Wood - metabolism; Wood - microbiology; Plant tissue; Lignin; Forests; Hemicellulose; Wood; Cellulose; Transcriptome; Proteome; Decomposition; Forest soil; Symbiont; Carbon; Functional diversity; Cell wall; Protein; Saprobiosis; Fungi; Rot; Mycorrhiza; Wood destroying fungi; Ectomycorrhiza; Functional genomics; Adaptation; SERPULA-LACRYMANS; DECAY FUNGI; DIVERSIFICATION; WOOD; CONVERSION; LITTER; MECHANISMS; GENOME; SYMBIOSIS
• ISSN: 0036-8075; 1095-9203; 1095-9203
• DOI: 10.1126/science.1205411

Brown rot decay removes cellulose and hemicellulose from wood—residual lignin contributing up to 30% of forest soil carbon—and is derived from an ancestral white rot saprotrophy in which both lignin and cellulose are decomposed. Comparative and functional genomics of the "dry rot" fungus Serpula lacrymans, derived from forest ancestors, demonstrated that the evolution of both ectomycorrhizal biotrophy and brown rot saprotrophy were accompanied by reductions and losses in specific protein families, suggesting adaptation to an intercellular interaction with plant tissue. Transcriptome and proteome analysis also identified differences in wood decomposition in S. lacrymans relative to the brown rot Postia placenta. Furthermore, fungal nutritional mode diversification suggests that the boreal forest biome originated via genetic coevolution of above- and below-ground biota.