Clinical advances and ongoing trials of mRNA vaccines for cancer treatment

Years of research exploring mRNA vaccines for cancer treatment in preclinical and clinical trials have set the stage for the rapid development of mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therapeutic cancer vaccines based on mRNA are well tolerated, and the inherent advantage in ease of production...

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Published inThe lancet oncology Vol. 23; no. 10; pp. e450 - e458
Main Authors Lorentzen, Cathrine Lund, Haanen, John B, Met, Özcan, Svane, Inge Marie
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2022
Elsevier Limited
Subjects
Antibodies
Antigens
Cancer
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer therapies
Cancer vaccines
Cancer Vaccines - adverse effects
Clinical trials
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 vaccines
Dendritic cells
Humans
Immune checkpoint
Immunotherapy
Lipids
Lymphocytes
Melanoma
Metastasis
mRNA stability
mRNA Vaccines
Neoplasms - genetics
Neoplasms - therapy
Ovarian cancer
Pandemics
Patients
Peptides
Prostate cancer
Review
RNA, Messenger - genetics
Vaccines, Synthetic
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Summary:Years of research exploring mRNA vaccines for cancer treatment in preclinical and clinical trials have set the stage for the rapid development of mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therapeutic cancer vaccines based on mRNA are well tolerated, and the inherent advantage in ease of production, which rivals the best available conventional vaccine manufacture methods, renders mRNA vaccines a promising option for cancer immunotherapy. Technological advances have optimised mRNA-based vaccine stability, structure, and delivery methods, and multiple clinical trials investigating mRNA vaccine therapy are now enrolling patients with various cancer diagnoses. Although therapeutic mRNA-based cancer vaccines have not yet been approved for standard treatment, encouraging results from early clinical trials with mRNA vaccines as monotherapy and in combination with checkpoint inhibitors have been obtained. This Review summarises the latest clinical advances in mRNA-based vaccines for cancer treatment and reflects on future perspectives and challenges for this new and promising treatment approach.
ISSN:1470-2045
1474-5488
DOI:10.1016/S1470-2045(22)00372-2