Illegal Child Labor in the United States: Prevalence and Characteristics
Using the Current Population Survey, the National Longitudinal Survey, and other sources, the authors provide the first comprehensive estimates of the number of minors working in violation of federal and state child labor laws (working excessive hours or in hazardous occupations), their characterist...
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Published in | Industrial & labor relations review Vol. 54; no. 1; pp. 17 - 40 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Los Angeles, CA
New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University
01.10.2000
SAGE Publications ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School Sage Publications, Inc Cornell University, New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC |
Series | Industrial and Labor Relations Review |
Subjects | |
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Abstract | Using the Current Population Survey, the National Longitudinal Survey, and other sources, the authors provide the first comprehensive estimates of the number of minors working in violation of federal and state child labor laws (working excessive hours or in hazardous occupations), their characteristics, their wages, and trends in illegal child labor. Although illegal employment of 15-17-year-olds has declined since the 1970s, some 154,000 minors are employed illegally in an average week, and 301,000 in a year. Illegal work hours total about 110 million per year. Whites, males, and 15-year-olds are the most likely to be working in violation of child labor laws. Youths working illegally in hazardous jobs earn, on average, $1.38 per hour less than legal young adults in the same occupations, which, combined with savings from employing youths for excessive hours, adds up to employer cost savings of roughly $136 million per year. |
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AbstractList | Using the Current Population Survey, the National Longitudinal Survey, and other sources, the authors provide the first comprehensive estimates of the number of minors working in violation of federal and state child labor laws (working excessive hours or in hazardous occupations), their characteristics, their wages, and trends in illegal child labor. Although illegal employment of 15-17-year-olds has declined since the 1970s, some 154,000 minors are employed illegally in an average week, and 301,000 in a year. Illegal work hours total about 110 million per year. Whites, males, and 15-year-olds are the most likely to be working in violation of child labor laws. Youths working illegally in hazardous jobs earn, on average, $1.38 per hour less than legal young adults in the same occupations, which, combined with savings from employing youths for excessive hours, adds up to employer cost savings of roughly $136 million per year. Using the Current Population Survey, the National Longitudinal Survey, & other sources, the authors provide the first comprehensive estimates of the number of minors working in violation of federal & state child labor laws (working excessive hours or in hazardous occupations), their characteristics, their wages, & trends in illegal child labor. Although illegal employment of 15-17-year-olds has declined since the 1970s, some 154,000 minors are employed illegally in an average week, & 301,000 in a year. Illegal work hours total about 110 million per year. Whites, males, & 15-year-olds are the most likely to be working in violation of child labor laws. Youths working illegally in hazardous jobs earn, on average, $1.38 per hour less than legal young adults in the same occupations, which, combined with savings from employing youths for excessive hours, adds up to employer cost savings of roughly $136 million per year. 9 Tables, 36 References. Adapted from the source document. Although illegal employment of 15-17 year-olds has declined since the 1970s, 301,000 minors are employed illegally annually. Whites, males, and 15-year-olds are most likely to be illegally employed. Excessive hours and lower wages for illegal young workers are estimated to save employers $136 million per year. (SK) Using the Current Population Survey, the National Longitudinal Survey, and other sources, the authors provide the first comprehensive estimates of the number of minors working in violation of federal and state child labor laws (working excessive hours or in hazardous occupations), their characteristics, their wages, and trends in illegal child labor. Although illegal employment of 15-17-year-olds has declined since the 1970s, some 154,000 minors are employed illegally in an average week, and 301,000 in a year. Illegal work hours total about 110 million per year. Whites, males, and 15-year-olds are the most likely to be working in violation of child labor laws. Youths working illegally in hazardous jobs earn, on average, $1.38 per hour less than legal young adults in the same occupations, which, combined with savings from employing youths for excessive hours, adds up to employer cost savings of roughly $136 million per year. (Author's abstract.) This paper provides the first comprehensive estimates of the number of minors working in violation of federal and state child labor laws, their characteristics, their wages, and trends in illegal child labor. Although illegal employment of 15-17-year-olds has declined since the 1970s, some 154,000 minors are employed illegally in an average week, and 301,000 in a year. Illegal work hours total about 110 million per year. Whites, males, and 15-year-olds are most likely to be working in violation of child labor laws. Youths working illegally in hazardous jobs earn, on average, $1.38 per hour less than legal young adults in the same occupations. |
Audience | Trade |
Author | Kruse, Douglas L. Mahony, Douglas |
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GAO/HRD-92-127FS year: 1992 ident: bibr33-001979390005400102 contributor: fullname: U.S. General Accounting Office – ident: bibr1-001979390005400102 doi: 10.1257/jel.37.3.1083 – volume: 45 start-page: 464 issue: 22 year: 1996 ident: bibr18-001979390005400102 publication-title: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report contributor: fullname: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health – volume-title: Child Labor Research Needs: Recommendations from the NIOSH Child Labor Working Team year: 1997 ident: bibr19-001979390005400102 contributor: fullname: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health – ident: bibr12-001979390005400102 – volume-title: Child Labor Requirements in Nonagricultural Occupations under the Fair Labor Standards Act year: 1991 ident: bibr28-001979390005400102 contributor: fullname: U.S. Department of Labor – ident: bibr26-001979390005400102 doi: 10.1002/ajim.4700190607 – ident: bibr10-001979390005400102 – ident: bibr13-001979390005400102 doi: 10.3928/0090-4481-19951201-10 – volume-title: Child Labor: An Overview of State and Federal Rules year: 1996 ident: bibr21-001979390005400102 contributor: fullname: Research Institute of America – ident: bibr23-001979390005400102 doi: 10.1093/sf/77.2.723 – volume-title: Working and Schooling Decisions: A Study of New Hampshire Teenage Labor Market Behavior and the Level of Educational Attainment year: 1990 ident: bibr36-001979390005400102 contributor: fullname: Yasuda Kenneth E. – ident: bibr24-001979390005400102 doi: 10.1080/00220679809597533 – volume-title: Measuring 50 Years of Economic Change year: 1998 ident: bibr27-001979390005400102 contributor: fullname: U.S. Bureau of the Census – ident: bibr5-001979390005400102 doi: 10.2105/AJPH.84.4.646 – ident: bibr22-001979390005400102 doi: 10.1002/ajim.4700140509 – volume-title: Child Labor in the 90s: How Far Have We Come? year: 1994 ident: bibr16-001979390005400102 contributor: fullname: National Child Labor Committee – volume-title: Sweatshops in New York City: A Local Example of a National Problem year: 1989 ident: bibr29-001979390005400102 contributor: fullname: U.S. General Accounting Office – ident: bibr9-001979390005400102 – ident: bibr15-001979390005400102 doi: 10.1177/0044118X97028004004 – volume-title: “NIOSH Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Deaths and Injuries of Adolescent Workers.” year: 1995 ident: bibr17-001979390005400102 contributor: fullname: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health – ident: bibr2-001979390005400102 doi: 10.1001/jama.1993.03500210054031 – volume: 95 start-page: 311 issue: 2 year: 1995 ident: bibr7-001979390005400102 publication-title: Pediatrics doi: 10.1542/peds.95.2.311 contributor: fullname: Committee on Environmental Health – volume-title: Working and Schooling Decisions: A Study of New Hampshire Teenage Labor Market Behavior and the Level of Educational Attainment year: 1991 ident: bibr37-001979390005400102 contributor: fullname: Yasuda Kenneth E. – ident: bibr4-001979390005400102 doi: 10.2307/2112724 – volume: 121 start-page: 35 issue: 12 year: 1996 ident: bibr34-001979390005400102 publication-title: U.S. News and World Report – volume: 24 start-page: 313 year: 1993 ident: bibr3-001979390005400102 publication-title: American Review of Public Health contributor: fullname: Brooks Daniel R. – ident: bibr6-001979390005400102 doi: 10.4135/cqresrre19960816 – volume: 104 start-page: 65 issue: 5 year: 1981 ident: bibr35-001979390005400102 publication-title: Monthly Labor Review contributor: fullname: Westcott Diane N. – volume-title: Child Labor: Increases in Detected Child Labor Violations throughout the United States year: 1990 ident: bibr31-001979390005400102 contributor: fullname: U.S. General Accounting Office – ident: bibr8-001979390005400102 – ident: bibr20-001979390005400102 doi: 10.1146/annurev.pu.11.050190.002043 – volume: 73 start-page: 51 year: 1990 ident: bibr11-001979390005400102 publication-title: Business and Society Review contributor: fullname: Golodner Linda – volume-title: Child Labor Violations and Sweatshops in the U.S. year: 1990 ident: bibr30-001979390005400102 contributor: fullname: U.S. General Accounting Office |
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Snippet | Using the Current Population Survey, the National Longitudinal Survey, and other sources, the authors provide the first comprehensive estimates of the number... Although illegal employment of 15-17 year-olds has declined since the 1970s, 301,000 minors are employed illegally annually. Whites, males, and 15-year-olds... This paper provides the first comprehensive estimates of the number of minors working in violation of federal and state child labor laws, their... Using the Current Population Survey, the National Longitudinal Survey, & other sources, the authors provide the first comprehensive estimates of the number of... |
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SubjectTerms | Adolescents Child Development Child Health Child Labor Child labor practices Child labour Children Children & youth Demographics Educational Attainment Employers Employment Employment statistics Estimates Fair Labor Standards Act 1938-US Families & family life Family owned businesses Illegal employment Income distribution Income Inequality Labor law Labor Legislation Labor management relations Labor market Labor Policy Labor standards Labour costs Labour economics Laws, regulations and rules Longitudinal studies Minors Occupations Poverty Skill Development Statistical analysis Students Studies Sweatshops Trends U.S.A United States of America Violations Wages Working Hours Youth employment |
Title | Illegal Child Labor in the United States: Prevalence and Characteristics |
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