Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among chronic methamphetamine users: Frequency, persistence, and adverse effects on everyday functioning

• Published in: Addictive behaviors Vol. 38; no. 12; pp. 2874 - 2878
• Main Authors: Obermeit, Lisa C, Cattie, Jordan E, Bolden, Khalima A, Marquine, Maria J, Morgan, Erin E, Franklin, Donald R, Atkinson, J. Hampton, Grant, Igor, Woods, Steven Paul
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2013; Elsevier Science Ltd
• Subjects: Activities of Daily Living; Addictive behaviors; Adult; Alcoholism - psychology; Amphetamine-Related Disorders - psychology; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - chemically induced; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - psychology; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Central Nervous System Stimulants - adverse effects; Cognition Disorders - chemically induced; Cognition Disorders - psychology; Comorbidity; Depressive Disorder - chemically induced; Depressive Disorder - psychology; Developmental disabilities; Developmental disorder; Disability; Drug abuse; Female; Functioning; Humans; Male; Methamphetamine; Methamphetamine - adverse effects; Neuropsychiatry; Psychiatry; Retrospective Studies; Substance abuse; Disability; Substance abuse; Developmental disorder; Comorbidity; Neuropsychiatry; Functioning
• ISSN: 0306-4603; 1873-6327
• DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.08.010

Abstract Aims Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is widely regarded as a common comorbidity of methamphetamine (MA) dependence, but the frequency, persistence, and real-world impact of ADHD among MA users are not known. Methods Four hundred individuals with MA use disorders within 18 months of evaluation and 355 non-MA using comparison subjects completed a comprehensive neuropsychiatric research battery, including self-report measures of everyday functioning. Results In logistic regression models adjusting for potential confounds, lifetime diagnoses of ADHD as determined by a structured clinical interview were significantly more prevalent among the MA participants (21%) versus comparison subjects (6%), particularly the hyperactive and combined subtypes. MA use was also associated with an increased persistence of combined subtype of ADHD into adulthood. Among the MA users, lifetime ADHD diagnoses were uniquely associated with greater concurrent risk of declines in instrumental activities of daily living, elevated cognitive symptoms in day-to-day life, and unemployment. Conclusions Findings indicate that ADHD is prevalent among chronic MA users, who are at increased risk for persistence of childhood diagnoses of ADHD into their adult years. ADHD also appears to play an important role in MA-associated disability, indicating that targeted ADHD screening and treatment may help to improve real-world outcomes for individuals with MA use disorders.