Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending the Diabetic Clinic of the University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

• Published in: Journal of ophthalmology Vol. 2021; pp. 6696548 - 7
• Main Authors: Tsegaw, Asamere, Alemu, Shitaye, Dessie, Abere, Patterson, Christopher C., Parry, Eldryd H. O., Phillips, David I. W., Trimble, Elisabeth R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Hindawi 31.03.2021; Hindawi Limited; Wiley
• Subjects: Age; Blood pressure; Body mass index; Cameras; Cataracts; Chronic illnesses; Clinics; Diabetes; Diabetic retinopathy; Disease management; Eye; Eye examinations; Glycosylated hemoglobin; Government employees; Hospitals; Hydrochlorothiazide; Hypertension; Insulin; Laboratories; Medical examination; Microscopy; Patients; Photography; Rural areas; Type 2 diabetes; Visual impairment; South Africa; United Kingdom; Sub-Saharan Africa; Ethiopia; Egypt; Africa
• ISSN: 2090-004X; 2090-0058
• DOI: 10.1155/2021/6696548

Objective. To investigate the level of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients attending the University of Gondar Hospital (UGH) Diabetic Clinic, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. An audit was carried out involving a total of 739 T2DM patients attending at the diabetic clinic of UGH. They represented approximately 90% and 50% of all T2DM patients under regular review at the urban and rural diabetic clinics of UGH, respectively. All were supervised by the same clinical team for a long period. Eye examinations were performed for visual acuity, cataract, and retinal changes (retinal photography and slit-lamp biomicroscopy). Body mass index (BMI) and HbA1c levels were measured. The presence or absence of hypertension was recorded. Results. Men constituted 41.5% of the group, the mean age at diagnosis of T2DM was 50.4 years, and 50.2% were hypertensive. The BMI was 25.0 ± 4.1 kg/m2, and HbA1c was 7.75 ± 1.63% (61.2 ± 17.8 mmol/mol) (mean ± SD, for BMI and HbA1c)). Severe visual impairment/blindness was reported in 10.6%, 15.2% had cataract, 16.0% had retinopathy, and 11.1% had maculopathy. The prevalence of retinopathy increased with time from diagnosis of T2DM (chi-square for trend, p<0.001) and with increasing HbA1c level (chi-square for trend, p=0.03). Conclusion. These results compare well with the most recent results in well-equipped, wealthier regions of the world and show the importance of stable healthcare infrastructure for chronic-disease management.