Balancing chromatin remodeling and histone modifications in transcription

• Published in: Trends in genetics Vol. 29; no. 11; pp. 621 - 629
• Main Authors: Petty, Emily, Pillus, Lorraine
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2013
• Subjects: Adenosine Triphosphatases - genetics; Adenosine Triphosphatases - metabolism; adenosine triphosphate; Animals; Chd1; chromatin; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly - physiology; Diptera; Diptera - genetics; DNA; DNA replication; DNA-binding proteins; DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics; DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism; energy; histone modification; histones; Histones - genetics; Histones - metabolism; human health; hydrolysis; ISWI; mammals; Mammals - genetics; Medical Education; nucleosome; nucleosomes; post-translational modification; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; regulatory proteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae - genetics; Schizosaccharomyces - genetics; Schizosaccharomyces pombe; Transcription Factors - genetics; Transcription Factors - metabolism; yeast; yeasts; nucleosome; Chd1; histone modification; chromatin; ISWI; yeast
• ISSN: 0168-9525
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2013.06.006

•ISWI and CHD1 chromatin remodelers have similar biochemical structures and functions.•ISWI and CHD1 interact with histone modifications and modifiers.•These interactions can be either synergistic or antagonistic.•ISWI and CHD1 function with histone modifications throughout transcription. Chromatin remodelers use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to reposition or evict nucleosomes or to replace canonical histones with histone variants. By regulating nucleosome dynamics, remodelers gate access to the underlying DNA for replication, repair, and transcription. Nucleosomes are subject to extensive post-translational modifications that can recruit regulatory proteins or alter the local chromatin structure. Just as extensive crosstalk has been observed between different histone post-translational modifications, there is growing evidence for both coordinated and antagonistic functional relations between nucleosome remodeling and modifying machineries. Defining the combined functions of the complexes that alter nucleosome interactions, position, and stability is key to understanding processes that require access to DNA, particularly with growing appreciation of their contributions to human health and disease. Here, we highlight recent advances in the interactions between histone modifications and the imitation-switch (ISWI) and chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 1 (CHD1) chromatin remodelers from studies in budding yeast, fission yeast, flies, and mammalian cells, with a focus on yeast.