Synergic effect of vitamin A and high-fat diet in adipose tissue development and nuclear receptor expression in young rats

• Published in: British journal of nutrition Vol. 100; no. 4; pp. 722 - 730
• Main Authors: Redonnet, Anabelle, Ferrand, Carine, Bairras, Céline, Higueret, Paul, Noël-Suberville, Catherine, Cassand, Pierrette, Atgié, Claude
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 01.10.2008; Cambridge University Press (CUP)
• Subjects: Adipocytes - metabolism; Adipogenesis; Adipogenesis - drug effects; Adipose tissue; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Body fat; Cells, Cultured; Diet; Diet-induced obesity; Dietary Fats - administration & dosage; Dietary Fats - pharmacology; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Food and Nutrition; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gene Expression; Life Sciences; Lipids; Male; Nutrition; Obesity - metabolism; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; PPAR gamma - genetics; PPAR gamma - metabolism; Proteins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear - genetics; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear - metabolism; Receptors, Retinoic Acid - genetics; Receptors, Retinoic Acid - metabolism; Retinoic acid receptor; Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma; Retinoid X receptor; Retinoid X Receptor alpha - genetics; Retinoid X Receptor alpha - metabolism; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods; RNA, Messenger - analysis; Rodents; Subcutaneous Fat - metabolism; Time Factors; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; Vitamin A; Vitamin A - pharmacology; Diet-induced obesity; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; Retinoic acid receptor; Retinoid X receptor; Adipogenesis; Obesity; Nuclear receptor; Adipose tissue; Rat; Rodentia; Nutrition disorder; Vitamin; Retinoid; Gene expression; Diet-induced obesity: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor: Retinoic acid receptor: Retinoid X receptor: Adipogenesis; Feeding; Retinol; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Diet; Animal; Development; Fat; Retinoic acid; Nutritional status; Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor; Biological receptor; RAT; ADIPOGENESE; RETINOIC ACID RECEPTOR; RETINOID X RECEPTOR; DIET-INDUCED OBESITY; ADIPOGENESIS; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR
• ISSN: 0007-1145; 1475-2662
• DOI: 10.1017/S0007114508967568

In order to study the effects of dietary lipids and vitamin A on the development of adipose tissues, young rats were submitted for 8 d to a control or to two cafeteria diets with normal (Caf) or higher (Caf+) vitamin A levels. Retinoid (retinoic acid receptor (RAR) α, RARγ, retinoid X receptor (RXR) α) and fatty acid (PPARγ) receptor mRNA was measured in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue (Swat) and in isolated mature adipocytes by RT-PCR. The stroma vascular fraction was cultured in vitro to test the capacities of the adipocyte precursors to proliferate and differentiate. The Caf diet enriched in vitamin A resulted in an increased adiposity, due to increased adipocyte hypertrophy. This was concomitant with a lower expression of RARα and RARγ mRNA ( − 34·6 and − 38·6 %) and a higher expression of PPARγ (+59 %) in the Swat and, to a less extent, in isolated adipocytes. Positive correlations were obtained between PPARγ mRNA and Swat weights and between PPARγ and RXRα mRNA. By contrast, RARγ mRNA and Swat masses were negatively correlated. The adipocyte precursors from Caf+ Swat proliferated more, in vitro, at the beginning of the culture. This difference progressively disappeared and was totally absent after 8 d of culture, but with a higher percentage of differentiated preadipocytes (+80·3 %) in the Caf+ group. In conclusion, lipids and vitamin A act synergistically on the normal growth of the adipose tissue in young rats, concomitant with an imbalance in the pattern of the nuclear receptors. These changes influence the early normal development of the endogenous adipocyte precursors.