Salvage Therapy Using Azacitidine for Relapsed Primary Myelofibrosis after Cord Blood Transplantation

• Published in: Internal Medicine Vol. 59; no. 21; pp. 2763 - 2767
• Main Authors: Sumi, Masahiko, Kitahara, Mari, Shishido, Tsutomu, Kazumoto, Hiroko, Uematsu, Nozomu, Kirihara, Takehiko, Sato, Keijiro, Ueki, Toshimitsu, Hiroshima, Yuki, Kobayashi, Hikaru
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Japan The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine 01.11.2020; Japan Science and Technology Agency
• Subjects: allogeneic stem cell transplantation; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic - therapeutic use; azacitidine; Azacitidine - therapeutic use; Blood cells; Bone marrow transplantation; Case Report; Cord blood; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation - adverse effects; Cytogenetics; Female; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - adverse effects; Humans; Internal medicine; Middle Aged; Myelofibrosis; Peripheral blood; primary myelofibrosis; Primary Myelofibrosis - drug therapy; Recurrence; relapse; Salvage Therapy - methods; Stem cell transplantation; Transplantation, Homologous; Treatment Outcome; allogeneic stem cell transplantation; primary myelofibrosis; relapse; azacitidine
• ISSN: 0918-2918; 1349-7235; 1349-7235
• DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.4863-20

We present the case of a 53-year-old woman with prefibrotic stage primary myelofibrosis (PMF) who underwent cord blood transplantation. Nine years after transplantation, she relapsed, which was confirmed by a bone marrow examination. We decided to treat her using azacitidine. After three courses of azacitidine, a partial cytogenetic response was confirmed. Azacitidine maintenance therapy successfully maintained a low level of recipient-origin peripheral blood cells with a stable hematological condition. Azacitidine may therefore be a promising therapeutic option for PMF patients who relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.