MR-based in vivo hippocampal volumetrics: 2. Findings in neuropsychiatric disorders

• Published in: Molecular psychiatry Vol. 10; no. 2; pp. 160 - 184
• Main Authors: Geuze, E, Vermetten, E, Bremner, J D
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.02.2005; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: Alcoholism; Alzheimer's disease; Anatomy, Cross-Sectional - methods; Anorexia; Anthropometry - methods; Anxiety; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Autism; Behavioral Sciences; Biological and medical sciences; Biological Psychology; Bipolar disorder; Birth weight; Borderline personality disorder; Brain Diseases - pathology; Brain Injuries - pathology; Children; Cushing syndrome; Dementia disorders; Eating disorders; Encephalitis; Epilepsy; feature-review; General aspects; Heart diseases; Hippocampus; Hippocampus - pathology; Human subjects; Humans; Huntingtons disease; Hyperactivity; Hyperplasia; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted - methods; Imaging, Three-Dimensional - methods; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects); Magnetic resonance imaging; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - standards; Medical sciences; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Memory; Mental disorders; Mental Disorders - pathology; Miscellaneous. Technology; Movement disorders; Neurodegenerative diseases; Neuroimaging; Neurosciences; Organ Size; Parkinson's disease; Personality disorders; Pharmacotherapy; Post traumatic stress disorder; Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Radiodiagnosis. Nmr imagery. Nmr spectrometry; Reproducibility of Results; Schizophrenia; Social behavior; Traumatic brain injury; Netherlands; volume; psychiatry; hippocampus; MRI; neurology; Human; Volumetric analysis; Cognitive disorder; Central nervous system; Developmental disorder; Review; Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; Personality disorder; Encephalon; Mental disorder; Morphometry; Neurological disorder; Hippocampus
• ISSN: 1359-4184; 1476-5578
• DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001579

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has opened a new window to the brain. Measuring hippocampal volume with MRI has provided important information about several neuropsychiatric disorders. We reviewed the literature and selected all English-language, human subject, data-driven papers on hippocampal volumetry, yielding a database of 423 records. Smaller hippocampal volumes have been reported in epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, mild cognitive impairment, the aged, traumatic brain injury, cardiac arrest, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Cushing's disease, herpes simplex encephalitis, Turner's syndrome, Down's syndrome, survivors of low birth weight, schizophrenia, major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, chronic alcoholism, borderline personality disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and antisocial personality disorder. Significantly larger hippocampal volumes have been correlated with autism and children with fragile X syndrome. Preservation of hippocampal volume has been reported in congenital hyperplasia, children with fetal alcohol syndrome, anorexia nervosa, attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, and panic disorder. Possible mechanisms of hippocampal volume loss in neuropsychiatric disorders are discussed.