Infection prevention and control measures in audiology practice within public healthcare facilities in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa

• Published in: South African journal of communication disorders Vol. 66; no. 1; pp. 1 - 14
• Main Authors: Nokubonga, Amanda, Naidoo, Naedene, Charles, Chenay R., Khan, Nasim B., Moustache, Hella M.T.E., Mkhwanazi, Ndabenhle A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: South Africa AOSIS 2019; African Online Scientific Information Systems (Pty) Ltd t/a AOSIS; South African Speech-Language-Hearing Association (SASLHA)
• Subjects: Adult; Attitude of Health Personnel; Audiologists; Audiology - education; Audiology - methods; Communicable diseases; Communication; Cross Infection - prevention & control; Disease transmission; Diseases; Female; Generic drugs; Handwashing; Hazardous waste management industry; Health Personnel - education; Health Policy; Hospitals, Public - methods; Humans; Infection; Infection control; Infection Control - methods; Infection prevention; Male; Medical wastes; Middle Aged; Organizational Policy; Original Research; Personal Protective Equipment; Prevention; Protective devices; South Africa; Speech therapists; Surveys and Questionnaires; Universal precautions; Waste disposal; Waste management; Young Adult; South Africa; universal precautions; infection control; personal protective equipment; waste management; handwashing; infection prevention
• ISSN: 0379-8046; 2225-4765; 2225-4765
• DOI: 10.4102/sajcd.v66i1.636

Background: Audiologists have a clinical and ethical responsibility to create a working environment, designed to reduce the potential for cross-contamination or transmission of infections.Objectives: To describe the infection prevention and control (IPC) measures utilised and the opinions of audiologists and speech therapists, and audiologists (A/STAs) towards IPC in public healthcare facilities in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa.Method: A quantitative, descriptive survey was utilised and entailed completing an online questionnaire. The Cronbach’s alpha (0.82) indicated good internal consistency of the tool. Forty-nine A/STAs from 29 public healthcare facilities responded.Results: Most participants (82%) followed a generic Department of Health policy on IPC, while 67% alluded to a discipline-specific policy. Participants had received training in infection control but indicated that further instruction was required for audiology-specific infection control procedures. Only 57% indicated that they ‘sometimes’ wore gloves with every patient duringdirect clinical contact. An association between the healthcare facility level and the wearing of gloves was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.025). Participants at regional and tertiary levels contended that gloves should be worn during most procedures versus those at district levels of care. While 96% washed their hands after each patient, only 76% washed their hands before each patient. Twenty-nine per cent indicated that they only ‘sometimes’ wore masks when in contact with patients with communicable diseases. Approximately one-third disinfected touch surfaces and toys, based on the clinician’s discretion. The majority (86%) of participants, however, always followed the correct protocol for medical waste disposal. Despite training andthe availability of policies, some practitioners displayed poor IPC practices in terms of universal precautions, personal protective equipment, handwashing and sterilisation.Conclusion: Further education, training and awareness related to appropriate IPC measures are recommended for audiologists. It is envisaged that this will lead to more effective IPC measures in audiology practice thereby reducing the risk of infection transmission.