Effects of Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain on Infant Anthropometric Outcomes

• Published in: The Journal of pediatrics Vol. 158; no. 2; pp. 221 - 226
• Main Authors: Deierlein, Andrea L., PhD, MPH, Siega-Riz, Anna Maria, PhD, RD, Adair, Linda S., PhD, Herring, Amy H., ScD
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Maryland Heights, MO Elsevier Inc 01.02.2011; Mosby, Inc; Elsevier
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Anthropometry; Biological and medical sciences; Birth Weight; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Child Development - physiology; Cohort Studies; Confidence Intervals; Female; General aspects; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; infants; Linear Models; Maternal Welfare; Medical sciences; medicine; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; nutrition; obesity; Pediatrics; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care - methods; Prospective Studies; risk; Risk Assessment; United States; weight gain; Weight Gain - physiology; Young Adult; United States; LAZ; University of North Carolina; WLZ; Weight-for-age z-score; UNC; Body mass index; WAZ; Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition; PIN; GWG; Gestational weight gain; Weight-for-length z-score; Length-for-age z-score; BMI; Pregnancy; Human; Pediatrics; Prognosis; Anthropometry; Evolution; Female; Infant; Woman; Weight gain
• ISSN: 0022-3476; 1097-6833
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.08.008

Objective To determine whether pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) influence infant postnatal growth. Study design Participants were from the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition study, a prospective pregnancy cohort. Term infants with weight or length measurements at approximately 6 months were included (n = 363). Multivariable regression estimated associations for weight-for-age (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ), and weight-for-length z-scores (WLZ) and rapid infant weight gain with categorical maternal exposures defined with the 2009 Institute of Medicine recommendations. Results Pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity were associated with higher WAZ (linear regression coefficient [β], 0.32; 95% CI, 0.04-0.61) and WLZ (β, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.02-0.76), respectively. Pre-pregnancy BMI was not associated with LAZ. Excessive GWG was associated with higher WAZ (β, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.15-0.62) and LAZ (β, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.12-0.56). Excessive GWG ≥200% of recommended amount was associated with higher WAZ (β, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.28-1.07), LAZ (β, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.06-0.83), and WLZ (β, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.04-0.82). Risk of rapid weight gain increased across maternal exposure categories; however, none of the estimates were significant. Conclusions Pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG are modifiable intrauterine exposures that influence infant postnatal anthropometric outcomes. Further investigation with infant body composition measurements is warranted.