Generalized General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Equations and Distinctive Plasma Dynamics Around Rotating Black Holes

• Published in: The Astrophysical journal Vol. 708; no. 2; pp. 1459 - 1474
• Main Author: Koide, Shinji
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bristol IOP Publishing 10.01.2010; IOP
• Subjects: Astronomy; ASTROPHYSICS; ASTROPHYSICS, COSMOLOGY AND ASTRONOMY; BLACK HOLES; Earth, ocean, space; ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE; ENERGY RANGE; EQUATIONS; Exact sciences and technology; GALAXIES; GALAXY NUCLEI; GRAVITATION; MAGNETIC FIELDS; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; OHM LAW; PHYSICS; PLASMA; RELATIVISTIC RANGE; Plasma; galaxies: magnetic fields; plasmas; galaxies: jets; Black holes; Plasma dynamics; Active galaxies; galaxies: active; relativity; Relativistic magnetohydrodynamics; Analytical method; Galaxy nuclei; methods: analytical; Cosmology; Jets; Magnetic fields; galaxies: nuclei
• ISSN: 0004-637X; 1538-4357
• DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/1459

To study phenomena of plasmas around rotating black holes, we have derived a set of 3+1 formalism of generalized general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) equations. In particular, we investigated general relativistic phenomena with respect to the Ohm's law. We confirmed the electromotive force due to the gravitation, centrifugal force, and frame-dragging effect in plasmas near the black holes. These effects are significant only in the local small-scale phenomena compared to the scale of astrophysical objects. We discuss the possibility of magnetic reconnection, which is triggered by one of these effects in a small-scale region and influences the plasmas globally. We clarify the conditions of applicability of the generalized GRMHD, standard resistive GRMHD, and ideal GRMHD for plasmas in black hole magnetospheres.