Introns are mediators of cell response to starvation

• Published in: Nature (London) Vol. 565; no. 7741; pp. 612 - 617
• Main Authors: Parenteau, Julie, Maignon, Laurine, Berthoumieux, Mélodie, Catala, Mathieu, Gagnon, Vanessa, Abou Elela, Sherif
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.01.2019; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 38/39; 38/47; 38/70; 38/77; 38/90; 38/91; 45/77; 45/90; 631/208/200; 631/337/1645/1792; 631/45/500; 82; 82/1; 82/29; Adaptation; Biological evolution; Cell survival; Clonal deletion; Gene expression; Gene silencing; Genes; Genetic analysis; Genetic aspects; Genetic research; Genomes; Genomics; Glucose; Humanities and Social Sciences; Introns; Kinases; Laboratories; Messenger RNA; Methods; multidisciplinary; Nutrients; Physiological aspects; Preservation; Promoters (Genetics); Protein kinase A; Proteins; Regulatory mechanisms (biology); Ribonucleic acid; RNA; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Science education; Splicing; Starvation; Translation (Genetics); Yeast; Yeasts
• ISSN: 0028-0836; 1476-4687
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0859-7

Introns are ubiquitous features of all eukaryotic cells. Introns need to be removed from nascent messenger RNA through the process of splicing to produce functional proteins. Here we show that the physical presence of introns in the genome promotes cell survival under starvation conditions. A systematic deletion set of all known introns in budding yeast genes indicates that, in most cases, cells with an intron deletion are impaired when nutrients are depleted. This effect of introns on growth is not linked to the expression of the host gene, and was reproduced even when translation of the host mRNA was blocked. Transcriptomic and genetic analyses indicate that introns promote resistance to starvation by enhancing the repression of ribosomal protein genes that are downstream of the nutrient-sensing TORC1 and PKA pathways. Our results reveal functions of introns that may help to explain their evolutionary preservation in genes, and uncover regulatory mechanisms of cell adaptations to starvation. Transcriptomic and genetic analyses of a deletion set of all known introns in genes of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that introns promote resistance to starvation.