The effect of obesity on adverse outcomes and metabolism in pediatric burn patients

• Published in: International Journal of Obesity Vol. 36; no. 4; pp. 485 - 490
• Main Authors: Kraft, R, Herndon, D N, Williams, F N, Al-Mousawi, A M, Finnerty, C C, Jeschke, M G
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.04.2012; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; Body mass; Body Mass Index; Bone Density; Bone mineral density; Burns; Burns - complications; Burns - metabolism; Burns - mortality; Burns and scalds; C-Reactive Protein - metabolism; Child; complications; Complications and side effects; Death; Epidemiology; Failure; Female; General aspects; Health Promotion and Disease Prevention; Humans; Internal Medicine; Male; Medical sciences; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolism; Mortality; Multiple Organ Failure - etiology; Multiple Organ Failure - metabolism; Multiple Organ Failure - mortality; Obesity; Obesity - complications; Obesity - metabolism; Obesity - mortality; Organs; Patient outcomes; Patients; pediatric-original-article; Pediatrics; Predictive Value of Tests; Proteins; Public Health; Regression analysis; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sepsis - etiology; Sepsis - metabolism; Sepsis - mortality; surface area; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome - etiology; Traumas. Diseases due to physical agents; Triglycerides - blood; Canada; Toronto Ontario Canada; United States > US; Texas; hyper metabolism; burn injury; catabolism; overweight; childhood obesity; pediatrics; Human; Obesity; Pediatrics; Nutrition; Body weight; Nutrition disorder; Metabolic diseases; Corporal biometry; Metabolism; Trauma; Overweight; Burn; Complication; Catabolism; Lesion; Child; Nutritional status
• ISSN: 0307-0565; 1476-5497
• DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.224

HYPOTHESIS: Obesity influences metabolism and increases the incidence of clinical complications and worsens outcomes in pediatric burn patients. DESIGN: Retrospective, single-center study. SUBJECTS: In all, 592 severely burned pediatric patients who had burns covering more than 30% of the total body surface area and who were treated between 2001 and 2008 were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into ⩾85th percentile ( n =277) and normal ( n =315) weight groups based on body mass index (BMI) percentiles. RESULTS: Patients stratified below (normal) and ⩾85th percentile had similar age, gender distribution and total burn size. No significant differences were detected in the incidence of sepsis (11% for obese vs 10% for normal), the incidence of multiple organ failure (MOF) (21% for obese and 16% for normal) or mortality (11% for obese vs 8% for normal). Compared with the normal group, the ⩾85th percentile group had low levels of constitutive proteins (α2macroglobulin and Apolipoprotein A1) ( P <0.05 for both) as well as high levels of triglycerides and the acute-phase protein, C-reactive protein ( P <0.05 for both) up to 60 days after injury. Patients ⩾85th percentile showed a significant higher loss of bone mineral density and lipolysis compared with normal individuals. Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI had a positive predictive value towards the maximum DENVER2 score, an index of organ failure ( P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: BMI⩾85th percentile altered the post-burn acute phase and catabolic response but did not increase the incidence of sepsis, MOF or mortality in pediatric burn patients. Our results suggest that impaired metabolism and an altered inflammatory response already exists in patients starting at the 85th percentile BMI.