Familiarity modulates mirror neuron and mentalizing regions during intention understanding

• Published in: Human brain mapping Vol. 32; no. 11; pp. 1986 - 1997
• Main Authors: Liew, Sook-Lei, Han, Shihui, Aziz-Zadeh, Lisa
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 01.11.2011; Wiley-Liss; John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Asian Continental Ancestry Group; Biological and medical sciences; Brain - physiology; Brain Mapping; Communication; Comprehension - physiology; European Continental Ancestry Group; Executive Function - physiology; Familiarity; Female; fMRI; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Gestures; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Intention; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects); Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Medical sciences; mentalizing; mirror neuron system; Mirror Neurons - physiology; Motivation; Nervous system; Neurons; Photic Stimulation; race; Races; Radiodiagnosis. Nmr imagery. Nmr spectrometry; Recognition (Psychology) - physiology; Theory of Mind - physiology; Young Adult; fMRI; Mirror neuron; Nervous system diseases; familiarity; Radiodiagnosis; Race; Intention; mirror neuron system; mentalizing; Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; gestures
• ISSN: 1065-9471; 1097-0193; 1097-0193
• DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21164

Recent research suggests that the inference of others' intentions from their observed actions is supported by two neural systems that perform complementary roles. The human putative mirror neuron system (pMNS) is thought to support automatic motor simulations of observed actions, with increased activity for previously experienced actions, whereas the mentalizing system provides reflective, non‐intuitive reasoning of others' perspectives, particularly in the absence of prior experience. In the current fMRI study, we show how motor familiarity with an action and perceptual familiarity with the race of an actor uniquely modulate these two systems. Chinese participants were asked to infer the intentions of actors performing symbolic gestures, an important form of non‐verbal communication that has been shown to activate both mentalizing and mirror neuron regions. Stimuli were manipulated along two dimensions: (1) actor's race (Caucasian vs. Chinese actors) and (2) participants' level of experience with the gestures (familiar or unfamiliar). We found that observing all gestures compared to observing still images was associated with increased activity in key regions of both the pMNS and mentalizing systems. In addition, observations of one's same race generated greater activity in the posterior pMNS‐related regions and the insula than observations of a different race. Surprisingly, however, familiar gestures more strongly activated regions associated with mentalizing, while unfamiliar gestures more strongly activated the posterior region of the pMNS, a finding that is contrary to prior literature and demonstrates the powerful modulatory effects of both motor and perceptual familiarity on pMNS and mentalizing regions when asked to infer the intentions of intransitive gestures. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.