不同温度条件下高梁温敏雄性不育系冀130A育性变化规律及花粉败育研究

以回18A为母本、抗蚜保持系130B为父本,回交8个世代育成夏播高粱不育系冀130A。在选育过程中发现,冀130A的不育度受温度影响。为进一步了解温度对该不育系育性的影响,明确影响育性的临界温度,为杂交制种提供依据。对其进行了播期试验、异地种植和关键时期不同温度处理试验,结果表明:旗叶伸展至抽穗期间平均气温低于23℃,不育度为100%,株间无差异;平均气温高于23℃,部分花粉可育,随着温度升高,可育花粉增多,平均气温超过26℃可明显观察到可育花粉,自交结实率可达30%,株间有差异。通过石蜡制片及显微摄影观察,对不同温度处理条件下花药和花粉特征进行了研究。结果显示:低温导致绒毡层细胞出现明显异常...

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Published in植物遗传资源学报 Vol. 13; no. 2; pp. 212 - 218
Main Author 马晓娣 王建书 卢彦琦 李素英 刘国庆 侯升林 吕芃 籍贵苏 杜瑞恒
Format Journal Article
LanguageChinese
Published 河北工程大学,邯郸,056038%河北省农林科学院谷子研究所,石家庄,050031 2012
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Summary:以回18A为母本、抗蚜保持系130B为父本,回交8个世代育成夏播高粱不育系冀130A。在选育过程中发现,冀130A的不育度受温度影响。为进一步了解温度对该不育系育性的影响,明确影响育性的临界温度,为杂交制种提供依据。对其进行了播期试验、异地种植和关键时期不同温度处理试验,结果表明:旗叶伸展至抽穗期间平均气温低于23℃,不育度为100%,株间无差异;平均气温高于23℃,部分花粉可育,随着温度升高,可育花粉增多,平均气温超过26℃可明显观察到可育花粉,自交结实率可达30%,株间有差异。通过石蜡制片及显微摄影观察,对不同温度处理条件下花药和花粉特征进行了研究。结果显示:低温导致绒毡层细胞出现明显异常,主要表现为液泡化、径向肥大和延迟退化;低温条件下早期败育的花药,造孢细胞或花粉母细胞较早出现解体,无单核花粉粒产生。旗叶伸展至抽穗期间温度高于26℃时,花粉母细胞减数分裂形成单核花粉粒,之后部分花粉粒出现畸形,但仍有约40%的正常花粉粒可以存活到花药开裂并散粉。低温导致绒毡层细胞出现异常,是花粉败育的主要原因。冀130A的育成,扩大了高梁不育系的差异,有利于商业化的高粱杂交种选育,同时为深入研究高粱不育系的败育机理提供了新种质资源。对冀130A育性转换特性研究为利用该不育系进行杂交种制种选择制种区域和播期奠定了基础。
Bibliography:A new male sterile line Ji 130A was developed after backcrossing Hui 18A with an aphid-resistance parental line 130B for 8 generations. It was discovered that temperature affects sterility of Ji 130A. In order to under- stand the effect of temperature to sterility of Ji 130A ,confirm critical temperature for the hybrid production,the Ji 130 was sown on different dates in different growing sites and various temperature conditions at key growing stages were applied. The results showed that Ji 130A was completely sterile when the mean temperature was below 23℃ during pe- riod from flag leaf to heading but fertile pollen appeared when temperature was above 23 ℃. Its selling rate could reach 30% with variation among individual plant when temperature was over 26℃. The development of its anther and pollen under various temperature conditions was characterized by using paraffin sectioning and microphotography. The results showed that under low temperature conditions the tapetal cells appeared obvious deformity includ
ISSN:1672-1810
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-1810.2012.02.009