Analysis and optimization of spiral circular inductive coupling link for bio-implanted applications on air and within human tissue

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 14; no. 7; pp. 11522 - 11541
• Main Authors: Mutashar, Saad, Hannan, Mahammad A, Samad, Salina A, Hussain, Aini
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 30.06.2014; MDPI
• Subjects: Air; bio-medical implanted devices; Circularity; Cochlear implants; Coiling; Computer-Aided Design; Design; Efficiency; Energy Transfer; Equipment Design; Equipment Failure Analysis; inductive coupling link spiral coils; Input impedance; ISM band; Links; Models, Biological; Optimization; Power transmission; Prostheses and Implants; SAR effect; Sensors; Simulation; Skin; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Spirals; Telemetry - instrumentation; Telemetry - methods; Transmitters; Transplants & implants; Wireless Technology - instrumentation; Malaysia; Iraq
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s140711522

The use of wireless communication using inductive links to transfer data and power to implantable microsystems to stimulate and monitor nerves and muscles is increasing. This paper deals with the development of the theoretical analysis and optimization of an inductive link based on coupling and on spiral circular coil geometry. The coil dimensions offer 22 mm of mutual distance in air. However, at 6 mm of distance, the coils offer a power transmission efficiency of 80% in the optimum case and 73% in the worst case via low input impedance, whereas, transmission efficiency is 45% and 32%, respectively, via high input impedance. The simulations were performed in air and with two types of simulated human biological tissues such as dry and wet-skin using a depth of 6 mm. The performance results expound that the combined magnitude of the electric field components surrounding the external coil is approximately 98% of that in air, and for an internal coil, it is approximately 50%, respectively. It can be seen that the gain surrounding coils is almost constant and confirms the omnidirectional pattern associated with such loop antennas which reduces the effect of non-alignment between the two coils. The results also show that the specific absorption rate (SAR) and power loss within the tissue are lower than that of the standard level. Thus, the tissue will not be damaged anymore.