CRISPR and transposon in vivo screens for cancer drivers and therapeutic targets

Abstract Human cancers harbor substantial genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptional changes, only some of which drive oncogenesis at certain times during cancer evolution. Identifying the cancer-driver alterations amongst the vast swathes of “passenger” changes still remains a major challenge. Transp...

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Published inGenome Biology Vol. 21; no. 1; pp. 1 - 204
Main Authors Noorani, Imran, Bradley, Allan, de la Rosa, Jorge
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London BioMed Central 19.08.2020
BMC
Subjects
Cancer
Cell cycle
Cooperation
CRISPR
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
Drug resistance
Efficiency
Evolution
Gene expression
Genetic engineering
Genetic screening
Genomes
Genomics
Metastases
Metastasis
Mutagenesis
Mutation
Review
Transcription
Transposons
Tumorigenesis
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Summary:Abstract Human cancers harbor substantial genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptional changes, only some of which drive oncogenesis at certain times during cancer evolution. Identifying the cancer-driver alterations amongst the vast swathes of “passenger” changes still remains a major challenge. Transposon and CRISPR screens in vivo provide complementary methods for achieving this, and each platform has its own advantages. Here, we review recent major technological breakthroughs made with these two approaches and highlight future directions. We discuss how each genetic screening platform can provide unique insight into cancer evolution, including intra-tumoral heterogeneity, metastasis, and immune evasion, presenting transformative opportunities for targeted therapeutic intervention.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-3
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ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:1474-760X
1474-7596
1474-760X
DOI:10.1186/s13059-020-02118-9