Suicide in female nurses in England and Wales

• Published in: Psychological medicine Vol. 32; no. 2; pp. 239 - 250
• Main Authors: HAWTON, K., SIMKIN, S., RUE, J., HAW, C., BARBOUR, F., CLEMENTS, A., SAKAROVITCH, C., DEEKS, J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 01.02.2002
• Subjects: Adult; Adult and adolescent clinical studies; Alcoholism - mortality; Alcoholism - psychology; Autopsies; Biological and medical sciences; Case-Control Studies; Cause of Death; Comorbidity; Coroners; Cross-Sectional Studies; England - epidemiology; England and Wales; Female; Humans; Incidence; Information sources; Interviews; Medical sciences; Mental disorders; Mental Disorders - mortality; Mental Disorders - psychology; Middle Aged; Nurses; Nurses - psychology; Nurses - statistics & numerical data; Original Article; Personality Assessment; Personality disorders; Psychiatric disorders; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Risk; Risk factors; Smoking - mortality; Smoking - psychology; Suicide; Suicide - psychology; Suicide - statistics & numerical data; Suicides & suicide attempts; Wales - epidemiology; Women; United Kingdom; Europe; England; Wales; United Kingdom > UK; British Isles, England; British Isles, Wales; Social environment; Self injury; Prevalence; Disease; Mental health; Health service; Professional status; Case control study; Suicide; Family environment; Female; Diagnosis; Age; Public health; Human; Use; Stress; Retrospective; Life events; Marital status; Treatment; Social interaction; Sociodemographic factor; Risk factor; Mental disorder; Medical specialty; Interpersonal relation; Antecedent; Comparative study; Somatic disease; Nurse; Life style
• ISSN: 0033-2917; 1469-8978
• DOI: 10.1017/S0033291701005165

Background. Female nurses appear to have an increased risk of suicide but the reasons are unknown. Method. We have concluded a study of nurse suicides (N = 106) in England and Wales, including a psychological autopsy study (N = 42) and case–control comparison with living nurses (N = 84). Results. Nearly three-quarters of the nurse suicides had previous contact with psychiatric services and almost half had been psychiatric in-patients in the past. There were particularly marked differences between the cases and controls for current psychiatric disorder (90·5% v. 7·1%, OR = 68·5), personality disorder (38·1% v. 1·2%, OR = 32), and history of deliberate self-harm (71·4% v. 2· 4%, OR = 58·5). Family background and social factors (especially concerning interpersonal relationships) also distinguished the two groups. Smoking and serious alcohol abuse were much more frequent in the suicides. There was some indication that while many of the suicides were in contact with psychiatric services, care may not have been optimal in some cases. Conclusions. The most important strategies for suicide prevention in nurses are in prevention, detection and management of psychiatric disorders. In assessing suicide risk a history of DSH and the presence of comorbid psychiatric and personality disorders are particularly important.