Mild hypothermia combined with dexmedetomidine reduced brain, lung, and kidney damage in experimental acute focal ischemic stroke

• Published in: Intensive care medicine experimental Vol. 10; no. 1; p. 53
• Main Authors: Battaglini, Denise, da Silva, Adriana Lopes, Felix, Nathane Santanna, Rodrigues, Gisele, Antunes, Mariana Alves, Rocha, Nazareth Novaes, Capelozzi, Vera Luiza, Morales, Marcelo Marcos, Cruz, Fernanda Ferreira, Robba, Chiara, Silva, Pedro Leme, Pelosi, Paolo, Rocco, Patricia Rieken Macedo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 19.12.2022; Springer Nature B.V; SpringerOpen
• Subjects: Animal model; Critical Care Medicine; Cryotherapy; Hypothermia; Injuries; Intensive; Intensive care; Ischemia; Ischemic stroke; Kidney; Kidneys; Lungs; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Neuroprotection; Stroke; Traumatic brain injury; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Neuroprotection; Animal model; Ischemic stroke; Kidney; Hypothermia
• ISSN: 2197-425X; 2197-425X
• DOI: 10.1186/s40635-022-00481-4

Background Sedatives and mild hypothermia alone may yield neuroprotective effects in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, the impact of this combination is still under investigation. We compared the effects of the combination of mild hypothermia or normothermia with propofol or dexmedetomidine on brain, lung, and kidney in experimental AIS. AIS-induced Wistar rats ( n  = 30) were randomly assigned, after 24 h, to normothermia or mild hypothermia (32–35 °C) with propofol or dexmedetomidine. Histologic injury score and molecular biomarkers were evaluated not only in brain, but also in lung and kidney. Hemodynamics, ventilatory parameters, and carotid Doppler ultrasonography were analyzed for 60 min. Results In brain: (1) hypothermia compared to normothermia, regardless of sedative, decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression and histologic injury score; (2) normothermia + dexmedetomidine reduced TNF-α and histologic injury score compared to normothermia + propofol; (3) hypothermia + dexmedetomidine increased zonula occludens-1 expression compared to normothermia + dexmedetomidine. In lungs: (1) hypothermia + propofol compared to normothermia + propofol reduced TNF-α and histologic injury score; (2) hypothermia + dexmedetomidine compared to normothermia + dexmedetomidine reduced histologic injury score. In kidneys: (1) hypothermia + dexmedetomidine compared to normothermia + dexmedetomidine decreased syndecan expression and histologic injury score; (2) hypothermia + dexmedetomidine compared to hypothermia + propofol decreased histologic injury score. Conclusions In experimental AIS, the combination of mild hypothermia with dexmedetomidine reduced brain, lung, and kidney damage.