Effects of a high-fat meal on inflammatory and endothelial injury biomarkers in accordance with adiposity status: a cross-sectional study

• Published in: Nutrition journal Vol. 21; no. 1; p. 65
• Main Authors: de Souza, Maria das Graças Coelho, Maranhão, Priscila Alves, Panazzolo, Diogo Guarnieri, Nogueira Neto, José Firmino, Bouskela, Eliete, Kraemer-Aguiar, Luiz Guilherme
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central Ltd 19.10.2022; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Adhesion; Adiponectin; Adipose tissue; adiposity; Analysis; Atherosclerosis; Bioavailability; Biological markers; Biomarkers; Blood; Care and treatment; Cell adhesion & migration; Cell adhesion molecules; Cholesterol; Clinical trials; Complications and side effects; Cross-sectional studies; Cytokines; Diabetes; Disease; E-selectin; Endothelium; Eutrophication; Extracellular matrix; Fasting; free fatty acids; Glucose; High density lipoprotein; high fat foods; High fat meal; Inflammation; Insulin; Intercellular adhesion molecule 1; Interleukin 6; Interleukins; Leptin; Lipids; Meals; Metabolic syndrome; Microvasculature; necrosis; neoplasms; Obesity; Plasma; Plasminogen activator inhibitors; Postprandial period; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; vascular cell adhesion molecules; Womens health; Brazil; United States > US; Spain
• ISSN: 1475-2891; 1475-2891
• DOI: 10.1186/s12937-022-00819-4

It is known that consuming a high-fat meal (HFM) induces microvascular dysfunction (MD) in eutrophic women and aggravates it in those with obesity. Our purpose was to investigate if the MD observed after a single HFM intake is caused by endothelial damage or increased inflammatory state, both determined by blood biomarkers. Nineteen women with obesity (BMI 30-34.9 kg/m.sup.2) and 18 eutrophic ones (BMI 20.0-24.9 kg/m.sup.2) were enrolled into two groups: Obese (OBG) and Control (CG), respectively. Blood samples were collected at five-time points: before (fasting state) and 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after HFM intake to determine levels of adipokines (adiponectin, leptin), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), inflammatory [tumor necrosis factor-[alpha] (TNF-[alpha]), interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and endothelium damage [soluble E-selectin, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)] biomarkers. Levels of soluble E-selectin, leptin, and PAI-1 were higher in OBG at all-time points (P < 0.05) compared to CG. In the fasting state, OBG had higher levels of NEFA compared to CG (P < 0.05). In intra-group analysis, no significant change in the levels of circulating inflammatory and endothelial injury biomarkers was observed after HFM intake, independently of the group. Our findings suggest that women with obesity have an increased pro-inflammatory state and more significant endothelial injury compared to eutrophic ones. However, the consumption of a HFM was not sufficient to change circulating levels of inflammatory and endothelial injury biomarkers in either group.