Feasibility of using postal and web-based surveys to estimate the prevalence of tuberculosis among health care workers in South Africa

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 13; no. 5; p. e0197022
• Main Authors: Manana, Pinky N, Kuonza, Lazarus, Musekiwa, Alfred, Koornhof, Hendrik, Nanoo, Ananta, Ismail, Nazir
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 10.05.2018; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Biology and Life Sciences; Disease control; Distribution; Epidemiology; Family medical history; Feasibility studies; Health aspects; Health care; Health sciences; HIV; Human immunodeficiency virus; Immunization; Infections; Influenza; Management; Medical diagnosis; Medical personnel; Medicine and Health Sciences; Methods; Nurses; Occupational health; People and Places; Personal information; Physicians; Polls & surveys; Professionals; Public health; Public sector; Registries (Medicine); Research and Analysis Methods; Response rates; Risk groups; Sentinel surveillance; Social Sciences; Statistical tests; Surveillance; Systematic review; Tuberculosis; South Africa; Canada; United States > US
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197022

Health Care Workers (HCWs) are among the highest risk groups for contracting tuberculosis (TB), which is ranked the third most common occupational health disease in South Africa. Little is known about the true extent of the burden of TB among South African HCWs and current surveillance approaches are inadequate. The study aimed to determine the feasibility of using postal and web-based surveys accessed through registries of registered professionals to estimate the prevalence of TB among HCWs in South Africa. We conducted a cross sectional survey on a sample of professional nurses and doctors (general practitioners) registered on the Medpages database platform; a subscription based registry for practising health care professionals. The survey included professionals who were actively involved in the clinical management of patients, either in public or private health care facilities. The paper based survey, including pre-paid return envelopes, was distributed via the post office and web-based surveys were distributed via e-mail through a hyperlink. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data and the Chi-square test to determine associations between categorical variables. Active TB was defined as any history of TB. Out of a total of 3,400 health care professionals contacted, 596 (18%) responses were received: 401 (67%) web-based and 195 (33%) postal. A significantly higher percentage of complete forms were from postal compared to web-based (97% [189/195] versus 87% [348/401], p<0.001). Younger (<60 years) professionals were more likely to use the web-based compared to postal (87% [236/270] versus 71% [134/189], p<0.001). Overall, the prevalence of active TB infection was 8.7%, (95%CI: 6.3%-11.7%) and there was no difference observed between doctors and nurses (10.8% [18/167] versus 7.5% [22/292], p = 0.236). This novel approach demonstrated the feasibility of using an existing registry of professionals to conduct surveys to estimate the prevalence of TB. Our findings showed a high TB prevalence; however the estimate might have been biased by the low response rate. Further research to optimise our approach could lead to a viable option in improving surveillance among health care professionals.