Recent Progress on Fructose Metabolism-Chrebp, Fructolysis, and Polyol Pathway

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 15; no. 7; p. 1778
• Main Author: Iizuka, Katsumi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 05.04.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Aldehyde reductase; Aldob; Aldolase; aldolase b; Animals; Beverages; Binding proteins; Binding sites; Blood; Blood levels; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carbohydrates; Cardiovascular diseases; Cereals; Fatty acids; Fatty liver; Fructose; Fructose - metabolism; Gene deletion; Gene expression; Glucose; glucose transporter 5; Glucose transporter type 5; Glut5; Health aspects; Ingestion; Intestine; Ketohexokinase; Khk; Kinases; Lipids; Liver; Liver cancer; Metabolism; Metabolites; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Oxidation; Phosphatase; Phosphorylation; Physiological aspects; Plasma; Polymers - metabolism; Polyols; Proteins; Reductases; Review; Small intestine; Sucrose; Triokinase; Japan; carbohydrate response element-binding protein; Tkfc; Chrebp; triokinase/FMN cyclase; ketohexokinase; Aldob; Glut5; glucose transporter 5; aldolase b; Khk
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu15071778

Excess fructose intake is associated with obesity, fatty liver, tooth decay, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Even after the ingestion of fructose, fructose concentration in the portal blood is never high; fructose is further metabolized in the liver, and the blood fructose concentration is 1/100th of the glucose concentration. It was previously thought that fructose was metabolized in the liver and not in the small intestine, but it has been reported that metabolism in the small intestine also plays an important role in fructose metabolism. knockout mice exhibit poor fructose absorption. In addition, endogenous fructose production via the polyol pathway has also received attention; gene deletion of aldose reductase ( ), ketohexokinase ( ), and triokinase ( ) has been found to prevent the development of fructose-induced liver lipidosis. Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (Chrebp) regulates the expression of , , aldolase b, and . We review fructose metabolism with a focus on the roles of the glucose-activating transcription factor Chrebp, fructolysis, and the polyol pathway.