Mask wearing increases eye involvement during smiling: a facial EMG study

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 11; no. 1; p. 20370
• Main Authors: Okazaki, Shuntaro, Yamanami, Haruna, Nakagawa, Fumika, Takuwa, Nozomi, Kawabata Duncan, Keith James
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 13.10.2021; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 631/477; 631/477/2811; Adult; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Electrodes; Electromyography; Experiments; Eye; Face; Facial Muscles - physiology; Female; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Masks; Middle Aged; Mouth; multidisciplinary; Muscles; Physiology; Protective equipment; Respiratory Protective Devices; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Smiling - physiology
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99872-y

The use of face masks has become ubiquitous. Although mask wearing is a convenient way to reduce the spread of disease, it is important to know how the mask affects our communication via facial expression. For example, when we are wearing the mask and meet a friend, are our facial expressions different compared to when we are not? We investigated the effect of face mask wearing on facial expression, including the area around the eyes. We measured surface electromyography from zygomaticus major, orbicularis oculi, and depressor anguli oris muscles, when people smiled and talked with or without a mask. Only the actions of the orbicularis oculi were facilitated by wearing the mask. We thus concluded that mask wearing may increase the recruitment of the eyes during smiling. In other words, we can express joy and happiness even when wearing a face mask.