Long-term Coffee Consumption in Relation to Fracture Risk and Bone Mineral Density in Women

• Published in: American journal of epidemiology Vol. 178; no. 6; pp. 898 - 909
• Main Authors: HALLSTRÖM, Helena, BYBERG, Liisa, GLYNN, Anders, LEMMING, Eva Warensjö, WOLK, Alicja, MICHAËLSSON, Karl
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cary, NC Oxford University Press 15.09.2013; Oxford Publishing Limited (England)
• Subjects: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biological and medical sciences; Bone density; Bone Density - drug effects; Bone mineral density; Caffeine - adverse effects; Coffee; Coffee - adverse effects; cohort study; Epidemiologi; Epidemiology; Female; Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi; fracture; Fractures; Fractures, Bone - epidemiology; Fractures, Bone - etiology; General aspects; Geriatrik; Humans; Hälsovetenskap; Injuries of the limb. Injuries of the spine; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects); Klinisk medicin; Longitudinal Studies; Medical sciences; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Middle Aged; Miscellaneous; Multivariate Analysis; Näringslära; Osteoarticular system. Muscles; osteoporosis; Osteoporosis - complications; Osteoporosis - epidemiology; Proportional Hazards Models; Public health. Hygiene; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine; Radiodiagnosis. Nmr imagery. Nmr spectrometry; Risk assessment; Risk Factors; Sweden - epidemiology; Traumas. Diseases due to physical agents; Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives; Vitamin D - blood; Womens health; Human; Consumption; Diseases of the osteoarticular system; Risk; Fracture; Coffee; Trauma; Epidemiology; Long term; Osteoporosis; Cohort study; Risk factor; Female; Bone mineral density; Woman; Public health; bone mineral density; cohort study; osteoporosis; coffee; fracture
• ISSN: 0002-9262; 1476-6256; 1476-6256
• DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwt062

High consumption of coffee has been suggested to reduce the risk of some late-onset diseases and death but also to contribute to the development of osteoporotic fractures. Results of previous fracture studies have been inconsistent, and a comprehensive study is needed. The longitudinal population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort, including 61,433 women born in 1914-1948, was followed up from 1987 through 2008. Coffee consumption was assessed with repeated food frequency questionnaires. During follow-up, 14,738 women experienced fracture of any type, and 3,871 had a hip fracture. In a subcohort (n = 5,022), bone density was measured and osteoporosis determined (n = 1,012). After multivariable adjustment, there was no evidence of a higher rate of any fracture (hazard ratio per 200 mL coffee = 0.99; 95% confidence interval: 0.98, 1.00) or hip fracture (hazard ratio per 200 mL coffee = 0.97, 95% confidence interval: 0.95, 1.00) with increasing coffee consumption. A high coffee intake (≥4 cups daily) versus a low intake (<1 cup daily) was associated with a 2%-4% lower bone density, depending on site (P < 0.001), but the odds ratio for osteoporosis was only 1.28 (95% confidence interval: 0.88, 1.87). Thus, high coffee consumption was associated with a small reduction in bone density that did not translate into an increased risk of fracture.