Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dengue Infection in Khanh Hoa Province, Viet Nam: A Stratified Cluster Sampling Survey

• Published in: Journal of epidemiology Vol. 28; no. 12; pp. 488 - 497
• Main Authors: Mai, Vien Quang, Mai, Trịnh Thị Xuan, Tam, Ngo Le Minh, Nghia, Le Trung, Komada, Kenichi, Murakami, Hitoshi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Japan Japan Epidemiological Association 05.12.2018
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aquatic insects; Child; Child, Preschool; Cluster Analysis; Clusters; Confidence intervals; Cross-Sectional Studies; dengue; Dengue - epidemiology; Dengue fever; Disease control; Female; Health promotion; Health Surveys; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Immunoglobulins; Incidence; International Health; Larvae; Male; Middle Aged; Mosquitoes; Original; Prevalence; Public health; Risk analysis; Risk Factors; Rural areas; Rural Population - statistics & numerical data; Sampling; Sampling Studies; Socioeconomics; stratified cluster sampling survey; Tires; Vector-borne diseases; Viet Nam; Vietnam - epidemiology; Viral diseases; Young Adult; Vietnam; dengue; stratified cluster sampling survey; Viet Nam
• ISSN: 0917-5040; 1349-9092
• DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20170090

Dengue is a clinically important arthropod-borne viral disease with increasing global incidence. Here we aimed to estimate the prevalence of dengue infections in Khanh Hoa Province, central Viet Nam, and to identify risk factors for infection. We performed a stratified cluster sampling survey including residents of 3-60 years of age in Nha Trang City, Ninh Hoa District and Dien Khanh District, Khanh Hoa Province, in October 2011. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) against dengue were analyzed using a rapid test kit. Participants completed a questionnaire exploring clinical dengue incidence, socio-economic status, and individual behavior. A household checklist was used to examine environment, mosquito larvae presence, and exposure to public health interventions. IgG positivity was 20.5% (urban, 16.3%; rural, 23.0%), IgM positivity was 6.7% (urban, 6.4%; rural, 6.9%), and incidence of clinically compatible dengue during the prior 3 months was 2.8 per 1,000 persons (urban, 1.7; rural, 3.4). For IgG positivity, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was 2.68 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-5.81) for mosquito larvae presence in water pooled in old tires and was 3.09 (95% CI, 1.75-5.46) for proximity to a densely inhabited area. For IgM positivity, the AOR was 3.06 (95% CI, 1.50-6.23) for proximity to a densely inhabited area. Our results indicated rural penetration of dengue infections. Control measures should target densely inhabited areas, and may include clean-up of discarded tires and water-collecting waste.