Comparison of Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Five Primary Series of COVID-19 Vaccine Regimens against Circulating SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern among Healthy Thai Populations

• Published in: Vaccines (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 3; p. 564
• Main Authors: Sudjaritruk, Tavitiya, Mueangmo, Oramai, Saheng, Jutamad, Winichakoon, Poramed, Salee, Parichat, Wongjak, Worawan, Chaito, Tanachot, Praparattanapan, Jutarat, Nuket, Khanuengnit, Solai, Nuttarika, Wipasa, Jiraprapa, Chawansuntati, Kriangkrai, Chaiwarith, Romanee
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.03.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Antibodies; Antigens; ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine; CoronaVac; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; COVID-19 vaccines; Drug dosages; Enzymes; Health care; heterologous COVID-19 vaccination; homologous COVID-19 vaccination; Immunoassay; Immunogenicity; Immunoglobulin G; Laboratories; Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine; Pandemics; Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine; Population studies; Populations; Proteins; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Vaccines; Viruses; Thailand; United States > US; Germany; ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine; Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine; CoronaVac; heterologous COVID-19 vaccination; Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine; homologous COVID-19 vaccination
• ISSN: 2076-393X; 2076-393X
• DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030564

To compare immunogenicity and reactogenicity of five COVID-19 vaccine regimens against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern (VoCs) among Thai populations, a prospective cohort study was conducted among healthy participants aged ≥18 years who had never been infected with COVID-19 and were scheduled to get one of the five primary series of COVID-19 vaccine regimens, including CoronaVac/CoronaVac, AZD1222/AZD1222, CoronaVac/AZD1222, AZD1222/BNT162b2, and BNT162b2/BNT162b2. Anti-receptor binding domain (anti-RBD-WT) IgG and neutralizing antibody (NAb-WT) against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 were measured at pre-prime, post-prime, and post-boost visits. NAb against VoCs (NAb-Alpha, NAb-Beta, NAb-Delta, and NAb-Omicron) were assessed at the post-boost visit. Adverse events (AEs) following vaccination were recorded. A total of 901 participants (CoronaVac/CoronaVac: 332, AZD1222/AZD1222: 221, CoronaVac/AZD1222: 110, AZD1222/BNT162b2: 128, and BNT162b2/BNT162b2: 110) were enrolled. Anti-RBD-WT IgG and NAb-WT levels increased substantially after each vaccine dose. At the post-boost visit, BNT162b2/BNT162b2 induced the highest GMC of anti-RBD-WT IgG level (1698 BAU/mL), whereas AZD1222/BNT162b2 induced the highest median NAb-WT level (99% inhibition). NAb levels against VoCs, particularly the Omicron strain, were markedly attenuated for all vaccine regimens ( < 0.001). Overall, no serious AEs following vaccination were observed. All five primary series of COVID-19 vaccine regimens were well-tolerated and elicited robust antibody responses against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 but had attenuated responses against VoCs, particularly the Omicron strain, among healthy Thai populations.