Uremic Sarcopenia and Its Possible Nutritional Approach

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 13; no. 1; p. 147
• Main Authors: Noce, Annalisa, Marrone, Giulia, Ottaviani, Eleonora, Guerriero, Cristina, Di Daniele, Francesca, Pietroboni Zaitseva, Anna, Di Daniele, Nicola
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.01.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Acidosis; Age; Aging; Chronic illnesses; Chronic kidney failure; Customization; Diet therapy; Diet, High-Protein; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements; Energy; Energy Intake; Enteral Nutrition; Exercise; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Gastrectomy; Geriatrics; Health aspects; Hemodialysis; High protein diet; Hospitalization; Humans; Inflammation; intra-dialytic parenteral nutrition; Kidney diseases; Metabolic acidosis; Mortality; Muscle Strength; Musculoskeletal system; Nutrition; Nutrition therapy; Nutritional Status; nutritional supplementation; Nutritional Support; Parenteral Nutrition; Physical activity; Proteins; Renal Dialysis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Review; Sarcopenia; Sarcopenia - diagnosis; Sarcopenia - metabolism; Sarcopenia - urine; uremic sarcopenia; ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; hemodialysis; intra-dialytic parenteral nutrition; nutritional supplementation; ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; uremic sarcopenia; physical activity
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu13010147

Uremic sarcopenia is a frequent condition present in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and is characterized by reduced muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. Uremic sarcopenia is related to an increased risk of hospitalization and all-causes mortality. This pathological condition is caused not only by advanced age but also by others factors typical of CKD patients such as metabolic acidosis, hemodialysis therapy, low-grade inflammatory status and inadequate protein-energy intake. Currently, treatments available to ameliorate uremic sarcopenia include nutritional therapy (oral nutritional supplement, inter/intradialytic parenteral nutrition, enteral nutrition, high protein and fiber diet and percutaneous endoscopic gastrectomy) and a personalized program of physical activity. The aim of this review is to analyze the possible benefits induced by nutritional therapy alone or in combination with a personalized program of physical activity, on onset and/or progression of uremic sarcopenia.