Microglial P2Y12 receptors regulate microglial activation and surveillance during neuropathic pain

Highlights • Upregulated microglial P2Y12 receptors during neuropathic pain promote its progression. • Microglial electrophysiological and morphological activation during neuropathic pain are regulated by the P2Y12 receptor. • Increased microglial tissues surveillance during neuropathic pain is regu...

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Published in	Brain, behavior, and immunity Vol. 55; pp. 82 - 92
Main Authors	Gu, Nan, Eyo, Ukpong B, Murugan, Madhuvika, Peng, Jiyun, Matta, Sanjana, Dong, Hailong, Wu, Long-Jun
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Netherlands Elsevier Inc 01.07.2016
Subjects	2-Photon imaging Allergy and Immunology Animals Disease Models, Animal Electrophysiological Phenomena Electrophysiology Female Male Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Knockout Microglia Microglia - metabolism Microglia - pathology Microglia - physiology Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton Neuralgia - metabolism Neuropathic pain P2Y12 receptor Peripheral Nerve Injuries - metabolism Psychiatry Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12 - deficiency Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12 - metabolism Surveillance P2Y12 receptor Electrophysiology Surveillance 2-Photon imaging Microglia Neuropathic pain
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Abstract	Highlights • Upregulated microglial P2Y12 receptors during neuropathic pain promote its progression. • Microglial electrophysiological and morphological activation during neuropathic pain are regulated by the P2Y12 receptor. • Increased microglial tissues surveillance during neuropathic pain is regulated by the P2Y12 receptor.
AbstractList	Microglial cells are critical in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and several microglial receptors have been proposed to mediate this process. Of these receptors, the P2Y12 receptor is a unique purinergic receptor that is exclusively expressed by microglia in the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we set forth to investigate the role of P2Y12 receptors in microglial electrophysiological and morphological (static and dynamic) activation during spinal nerve transection (SNT)-induced neuropathic pain in mice. First, we found that a genetic deficiency of the P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12(-/-) mice) ameliorated pain hypersensitivities during the initiation phase of neuropathic pain. Next, we characterised both the electrophysiological and morphological properties of microglia in the superficial spinal cord dorsal horn following SNT injury. We show dramatic alterations including a peak at 3days post injury in microglial electrophysiology while high resolution two-photon imaging revealed significant changes of both static and dynamic microglial morphological properties by 7days post injury. Finally, in P2Y12(-/-) mice, these electrophysiological and morphological changes were ameliorated suggesting roles for P2Y12 receptors in SNT-induced microglial activation. Our results therefore indicate that P2Y12 receptors regulate microglial electrophysiological as well as static and dynamic microglial properties after peripheral nerve injury, suggesting that the microglial P2Y12 receptor could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neuropathic pain. •Upregulated microglial P2Y12 receptors during neuropathic pain promote its progression.•Microglial electrophysiological and morphological activation during neuropathic pain are regulated by the P2Y12 receptor.•Increased microglial tissues surveillance during neuropathic pain is regulated by the P2Y12 receptor. Microglial cells are critical in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and several microglial receptors have been proposed to mediate this process. Of these receptors, the P2Y12 receptor is a unique purinergic receptor that is exclusively expressed by microglia in the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we set forth to investigate the role of P2Y12 receptors in microglial electrophysiological and morphological (static and dynamic) activation during spinal nerve transection (SNT)-induced neuropathic pain in mice. First, we found that a genetic deficiency of the P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12−/− mice) ameliorated pain hypersensitivities during the initiation phase of neuropathic pain. Next, we characterised both the electrophysiological and morphological properties of microglia in the superficial spinal cord dorsal horn following SNT injury. We show dramatic alterations including a peak at 3days post injury in microglial electrophysiology while high resolution two-photon imaging revealed significant changes of both static and dynamic microglial morphological properties by 7days post injury. Finally, in P2Y12−/− mice, these electrophysiological and morphological changes were ameliorated suggesting roles for P2Y12 receptors in SNT-induced microglial activation. Our results therefore indicate that P2Y12 receptors regulate microglial electrophysiological as well as static and dynamic microglial properties after peripheral nerve injury, suggesting that the microglial P2Y12 receptor could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Highlights • Upregulated microglial P2Y12 receptors during neuropathic pain promote its progression. • Microglial electrophysiological and morphological activation during neuropathic pain are regulated by the P2Y12 receptor. • Increased microglial tissues surveillance during neuropathic pain is regulated by the P2Y12 receptor. Microglial cells are critical in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and several microglial receptors have been proposed to mediate this process. Of these receptors, the P2Y12 receptor is a unique purinergic receptor that is exclusively expressed by microglia in the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we set forth to investigate the role of P2Y12 receptors in microglial electrophysiological and morphological (static and dynamic) activation during spinal nerve transection (SNT)-induced neuropathic pain in mice. First, we found that a genetic deficiency of the P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12 −/− mice) ameliorated pain hypersensitivities during the initiation phase of neuropathic pain. Next, we characterized both the electrophysiological and morphological properties of microglia in the superficial spinal cord dorsal horn following SNT injury. We show dramatic alterations including a peak at 3 days post injury in microglial electrophysiology while high resolution two-photon imaging revealed significant changes of both static and dynamic microglial morphological properties by 7 days post injury. Finally, in P2Y12 −/− mice, these electrophysiological and morphological changes were ameliorated suggesting roles for P2Y12 receptors in SNT-induced microglial activation. Our results therefore indicate that P2Y12 receptors regulate microglial electrophysiological as well as static and dynamic microglial properties after peripheral nerve injury, suggesting that the microglial P2Y12 receptor could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Author	Murugan, Madhuvika Wu, Long-Jun Peng, Jiyun Gu, Nan Eyo, Ukpong B Matta, Sanjana Dong, Hailong
AuthorAffiliation	2 Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA 08854 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China 710032
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 2 Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA 08854 – name: 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China 710032
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Keywords	P2Y12 receptor Electrophysiology Surveillance 2-Photon imaging Microglia Neuropathic pain
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Snippet	Highlights • Upregulated microglial P2Y12 receptors during neuropathic pain promote its progression. • Microglial electrophysiological and morphological... •Upregulated microglial P2Y12 receptors during neuropathic pain promote its progression.•Microglial electrophysiological and morphological activation during... Microglial cells are critical in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and several microglial receptors have been proposed to mediate this process. Of these...
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SubjectTerms	2-Photon imaging Allergy and Immunology Animals Disease Models, Animal Electrophysiological Phenomena Electrophysiology Female Male Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Knockout Microglia Microglia - metabolism Microglia - pathology Microglia - physiology Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton Neuralgia - metabolism Neuropathic pain P2Y12 receptor Peripheral Nerve Injuries - metabolism Psychiatry Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12 - deficiency Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12 - metabolism Surveillance
Title	Microglial P2Y12 receptors regulate microglial activation and surveillance during neuropathic pain
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