Human innate lymphoid cells

• Published in: Journal of allergy and clinical immunology Vol. 138; no. 5; pp. 1265 - 1276
• Main Authors: Mjösberg, Jenny, Spits, Hergen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.11.2016; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: allergy; Allergy and Immunology; Animals; asthma; Cytokines; Disease; graft-versus-host disease; Human subjects; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation; inflammatory bowel disease; Innate lymphoid cells; Lymphocytes - classification; Lymphocytes - immunology; mucosal immunity; psoriasis; Transcription factors; tumor immunity; FLG; Nrp1; ILC; LN; ART; LP; CLP; Innate lymphoid cells; LT; CRSwNP; GVHD; γc; ILC2; ILC3; ieILC1; ILC1; TLR; HSCT; mucosal immunity; KLRG1; LTi; cNK; AD; Nfil3; TSLP; IL1R1; allergy; asthma; tumor immunity; IL-2R; inflammatory bowel disease; ROR; psoriasis; CRTH2; NK; graft-versus-host disease; COPD; DC; PP; PS; cNK cell; cluster of differentiation; EILP; atopic dermatitis; MHC; innate lymphoid cells; major histocompatibility complex; PLZF; TNF; TNF-like ligand 1A; GM-CSF; chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2; Toll-like receptor; IL; inhibitor of DNA binding; RA; intestinal stem cell; lamina propria; human immunodeficiency virus; Id; TOX; fat-associated lymphoid tissue; BCL11b; conventional natural killer cell; B-Cell CLL/Lymphoma 11B; IBD; GATA3; Thymocyte Selection Associated High Mobility Group Box; simian immunodeficiency virus; FALC; ISC; Peyer’s patch; CD; LMPP; GvHD; lymphoid tissue organizer; thymic stromal lymphopoetin; lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors; HIV; tumor necrosis factor; vascular cell adhesion molecule; Neuropilin 1; NRP1; TL1A; cutaneous lymphocyte antigen; prostaglandin E2; chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps; lipoxin A4; hematopoetic stem cell transfer; lymphoid tissue inducer; Tbet; recombinase activating gene; AML; janus kinase; chemokine receptor; VCAM; retinoic acid; Nuclear Factor, Interleukin 3 Regulated; Intracellular adhesion molecule; TCF; T-box protein expressed in T cells; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; LXA4; Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger; SIV; GALT; antiretroviral therapy; LTO; common helper innate lymphoid cell progenitor; IFN; retinoic acid-related orphan receptor; acute myeloid leukemia; GATA3 binding protein 3; T cell factor; CHILP; interleukin; Innate lymphoid cells (ILC); PGE2; intraepithelial ILC1; stem cell factor; ICAM; Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G member 1; early innate lymphoid progenitor; chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder; interferon; BAL; CCR; JAK; lymph node; SCF; gut-associated lymphoid tissue; CLA; RAG; bronchoalveolar lavage; common lymphocyte progenitor
• ISSN: 0091-6749; 1097-6825; 1097-6825
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.09.009

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are increasingly acknowledged as important mediators of immune homeostasis and pathology. ILCs act as early orchestrators of immunity, responding to epithelium-derived signals by expressing an array of cytokines and cell-surface receptors, which shape subsequent immune responses. As such, ILCs make up interesting therapeutic targets for several diseases. In patients with allergy and asthma, group 2 innate lymphoid cells produce high amounts of IL-5 and IL-13, thereby contributing to type 2–mediated inflammation. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells are implicated in intestinal homeostasis and psoriasis pathology through abundant IL-22 production, whereas group 1 innate lymphoid cells are accumulated in chronic inflammation of the gut (inflammatory bowel disease) and lung (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), where they contribute to IFN-γ–mediated inflammation. Although the ontogeny of mouse ILCs is slowly unraveling, the development of human ILCs is far from understood. In addition, the growing complexity of the human ILC family in terms of previously unrecognized functional heterogeneity and plasticity has generated confusion within the field. Here we provide an updated view on the function and plasticity of human ILCs in tissue homeostasis and disease.