Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy Depressed Mitosis and Induced Chromosome Aberration in Onion Root Cells

Artemisinin-based combination therapy is used to treat uncomplicated malaria disease in most endemic countries. Although most antimalarial drugs are effective in killing the parasite, there is a concern of induced toxicity to the cell. Here, the cytogenotoxicity of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine pho...

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Published inJournal of toxicology Vol. 2018; no. 2018; pp. 1 - 13
Main Authors Raji, J. I., Odeigah, P. G. C., Onwuamah, C. K.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Cairo, Egypt Hindawi Publishing Corporation 01.01.2018
Hindawi
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Hindawi Limited
Subjects
Abnormalities
Antimalarials
Artemisinin
Cancer
Cell cycle
Cell division
Chromosome aberrations
Chromosomes
Cytotoxicity
Dihydroartemisinin
Drinking water
Drug dosages
Genetic research
Humidity
Malaria
Mitosis
Phosphates
Therapy
Toxicity
Toxicology
Vector-borne diseases
Nigeria
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Summary:Artemisinin-based combination therapy is used to treat uncomplicated malaria disease in most endemic countries. Although most antimalarial drugs are effective in killing the parasite, there is a concern of induced toxicity to the cell. Here, the cytogenotoxicity of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine phosphate (DHAP), a coformulation for artemisinin-based combination therapy, was evaluated using Allium cepa model. The toxicity on the mitotic index varies with the duration of exposure and dose tested. Chromosome aberrations observed include chromosome fragments, chromosome bridges, binucleated cells, and micronucleated cells. This study showed that DHAP can depress mitosis and induce chromosome abnormalities. Their accumulation in cells may be inhibitory to cell division and growth. This calls for caution in the administration of artemisinin combination therapy for the treatment of malaria ailment. Wide spacing of dosage is therefore suggested in order to avoid the risk of genetic damage.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-1
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Academic Editor: Brad Upham
ISSN:1687-8191
1687-8205
DOI:10.1155/2018/4671326