Inactivated virus vaccines from chemistry to prophylaxis: merits, risks and challenges

• Published in: Expert review of vaccines Vol. 11; no. 6; pp. 695 - 719
• Main Authors: Delrue, Iris, Verzele, Dieter, Madder, Annemieke, Nauwynck, Hans J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Taylor & Francis 01.06.2012; Expert Reviews Ltd; Informa Healthcare
• Subjects: 2,2'-dithiodipyridine; Animals; binary ethylene imine; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions - prevention & control; Epitopes; Formaldehyde; gamma irradiation; glutaraldehyde; Health aspects; Humans; Immune response; Immunity; Physiological aspects; Prophylaxis; Protein denaturation; Quality Control; Reviews; Technology, Pharmaceutical - methods; Technology, Pharmaceutical - standards; temperature; vaccine; Vaccines; Vaccines, Inactivated - adverse effects; Vaccines, Inactivated - chemistry; Vaccines, Inactivated - immunology; Viral vaccines; Viral Vaccines - adverse effects; Viral Vaccines - chemistry; Viral Vaccines - immunology; Virus Diseases - immunology; Virus Diseases - prevention & control; Virus Inactivation; Viruses - immunology; Viruses - pathogenicity; β-propiolactone
• ISSN: 1476-0584; 1744-8395
• DOI: 10.1586/erv.12.38

The aim of this review is to make researchers aware of the benefits of an efficient quality control system for prediction of a developed vaccine's efficacy. Two major goals should be addressed when inactivating a virus for vaccine purposes: first, the infectious virus should be inactivated completely in order to be safe, and second, the viral epitopes important for the induction of protective immunity should be conserved after inactivation in order to have an antigen of high quality. Therefore, some problems associated with the virus inactivation process, such as virus aggregate formation, protein crosslinking, protein denaturation and degradation should be addressed before testing an inactivated vaccine in vivo.