What Caused the Winter Drought in Western Nepal during Recent Years?

• Published in: Journal of climate Vol. 26; no. 21; pp. 8241 - 8256
• Main Authors: Wang, Shih-Yu, Yoon, Jin-Ho, Gillies, Robert R., Cho, Changrae
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Boston, MA American Meteorological Society 01.11.2013
• Subjects: Aerosols; Anthropogenic factors; Arctic Oscillation; Atmospherics; Climate change; Climate models; Climatology. Bioclimatology. Climate change; Computer simulation; Datasets; Drought; Drought conditions; Droughts; Earth, ocean, space; Exact sciences and technology; External geophysics; Food; Global climate models; Groundwater; Hadley circulation; Human influences; Intercomparison; Marine; Meteorological conditions; Meteorology; Monsoons; Natural variability; Ocean warming; Oceans; Oscillations; Precipitation; Rain; Rainfall; Resource management; Satellite observation; Satellites; Seasons; SPECIAL GDIS Drought Worldwide COLLECTION; Time series; Trains; Variability; Water in the atmosphere (humidity, clouds, evaporation, precipitation); Water resources; Wave trains; Wind; Winter; Winter precipitation; Asia; Indian Peninsula; Nepal; ISW, Indian Ocean; INW, Asia; PN, Arctic; PNE, Eurasia; 1970-1980; time series analysis; Multimodel; Coupled model; General circulation models; atmospheric precipitation; Model output; climate variability; 1960-1970; Climate models; Winter; 1990-2000; drought; 2000-2010; water resource management; Observation data; Reanalysis; Natural hazards; 1980-1990; climate change; Anthropogenic factor
• ISSN: 0894-8755; 1520-0442
• DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-12-00800.1

Western Nepal has experienced consecutive and worsening winter drought conditions since 2000, culminating in a severe drought episode during 2008/09. In this study, the meteorological conditions and a historical perspective of the winter droughts in western Nepal were analyzed using instrumental records, satellite observations, and climate model simulations. Meteorological diagnosis using atmospheric reanalysis revealed that 1) winter drought in western Nepal is linked to the Arctic Oscillation and its decadal variability, which initiates a tropospheric short-wave train across Eurasia and South Asia; and that 2) the persistent warming of the Indian Ocean likely contributes to the suppression of rainfall through enhanced local Hadley circulation. Simulations from the phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) sets of historical single-forcing experiments indicated that the increased loading of anthropogenic aerosols is also a compounding factor in the precipitation decline during the later decades. It is therefore conceivable that the recent spells of decadal drought in Nepal are symptomatic of both natural variability and anthropogenic influences. Given the observations that winter precipitation has declined to near zero while groundwater has hardly been replenished, appropriate management of western Nepal’s water resources is both critical and necessary.