Comprehensive characterization of evolutionary conserved breakpoints in four New World Monkey karyotypes compared to Chlorocebus aethiops and Homo sapiens

• Published in: Heliyon Vol. 1; no. 3; p. e00042
• Main Authors: Fan, Xiaobo, Supiwong, Weerayuth, Weise, Anja, Mrasek, Kristin, Kosyakova, Nadezda, Tanomtong, Alongkoad, Pinthong, Krit, Trifonov, Vladimir A., Cioffi, Marcelo de Bello, Grothmann, Pierre, Liehr, Thomas, Oliveira, Edivaldo H.C.de
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2015; Elsevier
• Subjects: Atelidae; Cebidae; Evolutionary conserved breakpoints; Evolutionary genetics; Fragile sites; Genetics; Multicolor banding; New World Monkeys; Old World Monkeys; Atelidae; Evolutionary genetics; Old World Monkeys; OWMs; FS; BACs; Fragile sites; HSA; Genetics; HSBs; EC; ACA; New World Monkeys; SSC; wcp; CAE; subCTM; NWMs; Multicolor banding; MCB; Cebidae; ECBs; NOR; Evolutionary conserved breakpoints; CAP; HCM; FISH; CJA; NGS; HLA; HCM, heterochromatin mix; wcp, whole human chromosome painting; CAE, Chlorocebus aethiops; EC, evolutionary conserved; ECBs, evolutionary conserved breakpoints; HLA, Hylobates lar; NWMs, New World Monkeys; subCTM, sub-centromere/subtelomere-specific multicolor (FISH); CJA, Callithrix jacchus; BACs, bacterial artificial chromosomes; NGS, Next-generation sequencing; ACA, Alouatta caraya; FS, fragile site; CAP, Cebus apella; FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization; MCB, multicolor banding; HSBs, homologous syntenic blocks; SSC, Saimiri sciureus; HSA, Homo sapiens; OWMs, Old World Monkeys; NOR, nucleolus organizer region
• ISSN: 2405-8440; 2405-8440
• DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2015.e00042

Comparative cytogenetic analysis in New World Monkeys (NWMs) using human multicolor banding (MCB) probe sets were not previously done. Here we report on an MCB based FISH-banding study complemented with selected locus-specific and heterochromatin specific probes in four NWMs and one Old World Monkey (OWM) species, i.e. in Alouatta caraya (ACA), Callithrix jacchus (CJA), Cebus apella (CAP), Saimiri sciureus (SSC), and Chlorocebus aethiops (CAE), respectively. 107 individual evolutionary conserved breakpoints (ECBs) among those species were identified and compared with those of other species in previous reports. Especially for chromosomal regions being syntenic to human chromosomes 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 16 previously cryptic rearrangements could be observed. 50.4% (54/107) NWM-ECBs were colocalized with those of OWMs, 62.6% (62/99) NWM-ECBs were related with those of Hylobates lar (HLA) and 66.3% (71/107) NWM-ECBs corresponded with those known from other mammalians. Furthermore, human fragile sites were aligned with the ECBs found in the five studied species and interestingly 66.3% ECBs colocalized with those fragile sites (FS). Overall, this study presents detailed chromosomal maps of one OWM and four NWM species. This data will be helpful to further investigation on chromosome evolution in NWM and hominoids in general and is prerequisite for correct interpretation of future sequencing based genomic studies in those species.