Post-exercise hypotension and heart rate variability response after water- and land-ergometry exercise in hypertensive patients

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 12; no. 6; p. e0180216
• Main Authors: Bocalini, Danilo Sales, Bergamin, Marco, Evangelista, Alexandre Lopes, Rica, Roberta Luksevicius, Pontes, Junior, Francisco Luciano, Figueira, Junior, Aylton, Serra, Andrey Jorge, Rossi, Emilly Martinelli, Tucci, Paulo José Ferreira, Dos Santos, Leonardo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 28.06.2017; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Adaptation; Adaptations; Aerobics; Alcohol; Analysis; Autonomic nervous system; Biology and Life Sciences; Blood pressure; Blood Pressure - physiology; Body composition; Cardiovascular diseases; Case-Control Studies; Data recovery; Endothelium; Ergometry; Exercise; Exercise - physiology; Female; Heart diseases; Heart rate; Heart Rate - physiology; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension - physiopathology; Hypotension; Hypotension - etiology; Hypotension - physiopathology; Laboratories; Medicine; Medicine and Health Sciences; Metabolism; Middle Aged; Modulation; Mortality; Oxygen; Oxygen consumption; Oxygen Consumption - physiology; Patients; Physical activity; Physical education; Physical exercise; Physical fitness; Physical training; Physiological aspects; Physiology; Studies; Variability; Brazil
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180216

systemic arterial hypertension is the most prevalent cardiovascular disease; physical activity for hypertensive patients is related to several beneficial cardiovascular adaptations. This paper evaluated the effect of water- and land-ergometry exercise sessions on post-exercise hypotension (PEH) of healthy normotensive subjects versus treated or untreated hypertensive patients. Forty-five older women composed three experimental groups: normotensive (N, n = 10), treated hypertensive (TH, n = 15) and untreated hypertensive (UH, n = 20). The physical exercise acute session protocol was performed at 75% of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) for 45 minutes; systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean (MBP) blood pressure were evaluated at rest, peak and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 minutes after exercise cessation. Additionally, the heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed by R-R intervals in the frequency domain for the assessment of cardiac autonomic function. In both exercise modalities, equivalent increases in SBP were observed from rest to peak exercise for all groups, and during recovery, significant PEH was noted. At 90 minutes after the exercise session, the prevalence of hypotension was significantly higher in water- than in the land-based protocol. Moreover, more pronounced reductions in SBP and DBP were observed in the UH patients compared to TH and N subjects. Finally, exercise in the water was more effective in restoring HRV during recovery, with greater effects in the untreated hypertensive group. Our data demonstrated that water-ergometry exercise was able to induce expressive PEH and improve cardiac autonomic modulation in older normotensive, hypertensive treated or hypertensive untreated subjects when compared to conventional land-ergometry.