Thyroid hormone responsive Spot 14 increases during differentiation of human adipocytes and its expression is down-regulated in obese subjects

• Published in: International Journal of Obesity Vol. 34; no. 3; pp. 487 - 499
• Main Authors: Ortega, F.J, Vazquez-Martin, A, Moreno-Navarrete, J.M, Bassols, J, Rodriguez-Hermosa, J, Girones, J, Ricart, W, Peral, B, Tinahones, F.J, Fruhbeck, G, Menendez, J.A, Fernandez-Real, J.M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.03.2010; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Adipocytes - cytology; Adipocytes - metabolism; Adipogenesis - genetics; Adipose tissue; Adipose Tissue - metabolism; Adipose tissues; Animals; Automation; Biological and medical sciences; Blood pressure; Blotting, Western; Body fat; body mass index; Care and treatment; cell differentiation; Cell Differentiation - genetics; Cells, Cultured; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes; Down-Regulation; Endocrinology; Epidemiology; Fatty acids; Gene Expression; gene expression regulation; genes; Genetic aspects; Glucose; Health Promotion and Disease Prevention; human diseases; Humans; Internal Medicine; Kinases; lipogenesis; Medical sciences; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; messenger RNA; Metabolic Diseases; Mice; Nuclear Proteins - genetics; Nuclear Proteins - metabolism; Nutrition; Obesity; Obesity - metabolism; Omentum - metabolism; original-article; overweight; Overweight - metabolism; Physiological aspects; pre-adipocytes; Proteins; Public Health; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; subcutaneous fat; Subcutaneous Fat - metabolism; systolic blood pressure; Thyroid; Thyroid gland; Thyroid Hormone Receptors alpha - genetics; Thyroid Hormone Receptors alpha - metabolism; Thyroid hormones; Transcription Factors - genetics; Transcription Factors - metabolism; visceral fat; waist-to-hip ratio; Spain; adipose tissue; adipogenesis; pre-adipocytes; mature adipocytes; gene expression; thyroid hormone responsive Spot 14; Human; Adipocyte; Obesity; Adipose tissue; Nutrition; Nutrition disorder; Metabolic diseases; Increase; Cell differentiation; Gene expression; Regulation(control); Thyroid hormone; Differentiation; Nutritional status
• ISSN: 0307-0565; 1476-5497
• DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2009.263

Context: Very limited information is available regarding the function of human thyroid hormone responsive Spot 14 (human S14, hS14) in adipogenesis and human adiposity. Objective: To evaluate hS14 levels during differentiation of human pre-adipocytes, in human fat depots and isolated fat cells. Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Subjects: A total of 161 omental (OM) and 87 subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue samples obtained during elective surgical procedures from a population who varied widely in terms of obesity.Measurements: hS14 gene expression and protein levels during adipogenesis were assessed by RT–PCR, western blot, and using an automated confocal imaging approach. Results: hS14 gene expression levels were decreased in OM adipose tissue from overweight (−42.0%) and obese subjects (−56.5%) compared with lean subjects (P<0.05 and P<0.0001, respectively). hS14 mRNA (but not hS14-related) was inversely associated with obesity measures such as body mass index (P=0.001), percent fat mass (P=0.001), waist-to-hip ratio (P=0.020), and systolic blood pressure (P=0.031). hS14 gene expression and protein levels were up-regulated at the early stages of differentiation of human pre-adipocytes as well as for 3T3-L1 cells. That observation was most prominent in those individual cells exhibiting the more marked differentiation features. hS14 gene expression levels increased by approximately 45 000-fold in mature adipocytes. Increased hS14 levels were also found in stromal-vascular cells/pre-adipocytes (3.8-fold, P<0.05) and in adipose tissue samples (1.9-fold, P<0.0001) from SC compared with OM fat depots. Conclusions: These results suggest that hS14 is involved in human adipogenesis, but inversely related to obesity and OM fat accumulation.