A Robust, Safe, and Scalable Magnetic Nanoparticle Workflow for RNA Extraction of Pathogens from Clinical and Wastewater Samples

• Published in: Global challenges Vol. 5; no. 4; pp. 2000068 - n/a
• Main Authors: Ramos‐Mandujano, Gerardo, Salunke, Rahul, Mfarrej, Sara, Rachmadi, Andri Taruna, Hala, Sharif, Xu, Jinna, Alofi, Fadwa S., Khogeer, Asim, Hashem, Anwar M., Almontashiri, Naif A. M., Alsomali, Afrah, Shinde, Digambar B., Hamdan, Samir, Hong, Pei‐Ying, Pain, Arnab, Li, Mo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.04.2021; John Wiley and Sons Inc; Wiley
• Subjects: Acids; Automation; Biohazards; Chloroform; COVID-19; Deactivation; Influenza; Laboratories; magnetic nanoparticles; Nanoparticles; nucleic acid purification; Nucleic acids; Pandemics; Pathogens; Phenols; Public health; Reagents; Respiratory syncytial virus; Ribonucleic acid; RNA; SARS‐CoV‐2; Severe acute respiratory syndrome; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Viral diseases; Viruses; Wastewater; wastewater surveillance; Workflow; United States > US; influenza; nucleic acid purification; magnetic nanoparticles; SARS‐CoV‐2; wastewater surveillance
• ISSN: 2056-6646; 2056-6646
• DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202000068

Molecular diagnosis and surveillance of pathogens such as SARS‐CoV‐2 depend on nucleic acid isolation. Pandemics at the scale of COVID‐19 can cause a global shortage of proprietary commercial reagents and BSL‐2 laboratories to safely perform testing. Therefore, alternative solutions are urgently needed to address these challenges. An open‐source method, magnetic‐nanoparticle‐aided viral RNA isolation from contagious samples (MAVRICS), built upon readily available reagents, and easily assembled in any basically equipped laboratory, is thus developed. The performance of MAVRICS is evaluated using validated pathogen detection assays and real‐world and contrived samples. Unlike conventional methods, MAVRICS works directly in samples inactivated in phenol‐chloroform (e.g., TRIzol), thus allowing infectious samples to be handled safely without biocontainment facilities. MAVRICS allows wastewater biomass immobilized on membranes to be directly inactivated and lysed in TRIzol followed by RNA extraction by magnetic nanoparticles, thereby greatly reducing biohazard risk and simplifying processing procedures. Using 39 COVID‐19 patient samples and two wastewater samples, it is shown that MAVRICS rivals commercial kits in detection of SARS‐CoV‐2, influenza viruses, and respiratory syncytial virus. Therefore, MAVRICS is safe, fast, and scalable. It is field‐deployable with minimal equipment requirements and could become an enabling technology for widespread testing and wastewater monitoring of diverse pathogens. One important bottleneck in the diagnosis and surveillance of COVID‐19 is the shortage of kits for RNA extraction. Magnetic‐nanoparticle‐aided viral RNA isolation from contagious samples (MAVRICS) is an open‐source, safe, fast, and scalable method for RNA extraction. MAVRICS rivals commercial kits but requires minimal materials, and thus could become an enabling technology for widespread community testing of diverse pathogens.